Kuphulika kwa tizirombo ndi matenda mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi ululu waukulu ndipo ukhoza kuchoka m'manja ngati sunasamalidwe bwino.
Kuphulika kwa tizirombo ndi matenda mu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi zambiri kumafuna zinthu zazikulu zitatu: zomera zomwe zimagwidwa ndi tizilombo, kukhalapo kwa tizilombo kapena matenda, ndi malo oyenera kuti zichuluke. Dongosolo logwira mtima la kasamalidwe ka tizirombo toyambitsa matenda owonjezera kutentha limakhudza zinthu zonse zitatu panthawi imodzi.
Nsabwe za m'masamba
Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tofewa, tomwe timayamwa madzi omwe timadya mumasamba amasamba anu. Zimaberekana mofulumira, sizifuna mnzawo, ndipo zimabereka nsabwe za m'masamba, choncho m'pofunika kuzilamulira nthawi yomweyo. Pali mitundu yambiri ya nsabwe za m'masamba, kotero mutha kuziwona mumitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zomwe zimawonedwa kwambiri m'malo obiriwira zimakhala pomwe zimakwawa (osawuluka), kotero kuti simuziwona pamakhadi anu omata. Mudzawawona pamasamba, makamaka pansi pa masamba, koma osati okha. Mukhozanso kuona zikopa za aphid pamasamba a zomera. Mutha kuwonanso nyerere. Nyerere “zimalima” nsabwe za m’masamba kuti zizidya nsabwe za m’masamba. Choncho mukaona nyerere, n’kutheka kuti pali nyerere.
Matenda a Bowa
Tizilombo ta bowa ndi tizilombo tating'ono, ta mapiko, tamiyendo yayitali timene timadya ndere ndi zinthu zamoyo m'nthaka yanu. Siziwononga mbewu zanu mwachindunji, koma zimatha kukhala zosokoneza mu wowonjezera kutentha ndipo zimatha kunyamula matenda obwera m'nthaka omwe angawononge mbewu zanu (monga pythium). Mudzawona nsabwe za bowa pamakhadi anu omata ndikuwulukira pansi pa zomera zanu kapena madera ena amvula mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mutha kuwonanso mphutsi zoyera za bowa m'nthaka yanu.
Ntchentche zoyera
Whiteflies ndizofala kwambiri mu greenhouses. Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera komanso amapiko kotero amatha kuthawa mukawasokoneza. Amadya kuyamwa kwa zomera ndipo amatha, monga nsabwe za m'masamba, kutulutsa zotsalira za "uchi" panthawi inayake ya moyo wawo. Mudzaziwona pamakhadi anu omata, ndi kuzungulira ndi kuzungulira zomera. Zitha kuwononga masamba ndi zipatso, komanso kufowoketsa kwa zomera.
Zowonetsera tizilombo zingathandize kuti whiteflies asalowe mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Kusunga wowonjezera kutentha kwanu ku zinyalala zochulukirapo, zomangira, ndi namsongole kumatha kuchepetsa makamu a ntchentche zoyera. Mofanana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, pamlingo wochepa mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuphulika kwamadzi mwamphamvu kuti mugwetse ntchentche zoyera ku zomera. Mukhozanso kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo (monga Safer Soap) pa zomera zanu kuti muphe ntchentche zoyera mutakumana. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri kupopera sopo wotetezeka mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yopopera madzi. Misampha yomata yachikasu imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pozindikira ntchentche zoyera, koma m'malo obiriwira pang'ono, imatha kuthandizanso kupha ntchentche zoyera.
Nthata
Pali mitundu yambiri ya nthata, koma zofala kwambiri zomwe timaziwona mu greenhouses ndi akangaude. Ndi ochepa kwambiri, amatha kukhala ofiira, ofiirira, kapena obiriwira ndipo amakhala pansi pa masamba.
Pamene chiŵerengero cha anthu chikukula, mudzawona masamba osamveka bwino pamasamba onse.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya nthata zolusa zomwe zimatha kumasulidwa ngati njira yopewera kapena kuchitapo kanthu koyambirira. Yang'anirani nyengo yanu kuti muwonetsetse kuti wowonjezera kutentha kwanu sikutentha kwambiri komanso kouma. Kangaude amatha kukhala vuto m'malo otentha, owuma kapena pafupi ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri m'malo obiriwira (monga pafupi ndi gwero la kutentha). Zomera zothira feteleza mopitirira muyeso zingapangitse kuti zomera zisavutikenso ndi akangaude. Sopo Wotetezeka kapena sopo wina wophera tizilombo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagulu a akangaude, ofanana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kapena whiteflies.
Powdery Nkhunda
Powdering mildew amawonekera ngati fungal spore yoyera pamasamba. Zitha kukhudza zomera zilizonse, koma zimawonekera poyamba pamasamba otakata (monga ma cucurbits) muzobzala zosiyanasiyana. PM fungal spores adzakhalapo pafupifupi wowonjezera kutentha koma nthawi zambiri amafunikira chinyezi kuti apange masamba a zomera.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafani ozungulira kuti muwonjezere kutuluka kwa mpweya muzakudya zanu. Dulani masamba ochulukirapo, okulirapo m'malo owundana kuti muwonjezere kutuluka kwa mpweya mumpanda wanu. Chepetsani chinyezi mu wowonjezera kutentha kwanu powonjezera mpweya wabwino (ngati kuli koyenera nyengo). Ikani ndalama mu dehumidifier, kapena onjezerani kutentha kwanu usiku ndi kutentha kowonjezera.
Kwezani pH ya masamba anu a mbewu kuti mukhale malo ochereza alendo kuti zilonda za PM zichuluke. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu bicarbonate (soda wophikira pang'ono, zoyatsira sulfure, kapena mankhwala opopera a potaziyamu bicarbonate monga MilStop) ngati kupopera masamba poteteza komanso poyankha PM alipo.
Thrips
Thrips ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mapiko tovuta kuwona popanda lens lamanja kapena galasi lokulitsa. Pali mitundu yambiri ya thrips, koma yofala kwambiri ndi yamaluwa yakumadzulo. Mutha kuwona kuwononga komwe kumayambitsa kubzala masamba ngati tinthu tating'ono tasiliva (omwe ndi maselo a zomera zakufa) omwe amakhala ndi tinthu tating'ono takuda (omwe ndi thrips frass). Iwo makamaka amakwapula ndi kuyamwa chlorophyll m'masamba a zomera, zomwe zimawononga masamba ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya zomera kupanga photosynthesize.
Mutha kuwonanso kukula kwa mbewu zopunduka komanso kupindika kwa maluwa.
Makhadi omata achikasu kapena abuluu amatha kukuthandizani kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa ma thrips, chifukwa muyenera kuwona ma thrips akuluakulu atatsekeredwa. Yang'anirani mosamala kuti ma thrips awonongeka pamasamba. Alimi ena amasankha kulima mbewu yaying'ono yamaluwa (monga petunias) yomwe mwachilengedwe imakopa ma thrips. Kukhala ndi zokopa zamaluwa izi kumakupatsani mwayi wowunika ndikuwononga kuchuluka kwa ma thrips m'malo obiriwira anu.
Utsogoleri:
Chiwerengero cha thrips chokhazikika ndizovuta kwambiri kuwongolera.
Kupewa kudzera mukuwunika ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri. Zowonetsera tizilombo (zowerengedwa ngati thrips zamaluwa akumadzulo) zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazowonjezera kutentha. Onetsetsani kuti mwayika ndi kukula zowonetsera tizilombo moyenera kuti musachepetse kutuluka kwa mpweya mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Mukayika, yeretsani zowonera zanu nyengo ndi nthawi ndikuwunika ng'ambi kapena misozi iliyonse kuti ikonzedwe nthawi yomweyo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya nthata zolusa zomwe zimapha ma thrips pamagawo osiyanasiyana m'moyo wawo. Nematodes opindulitsa angagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Koma zonsezi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala komanso mobwerezabwereza kuti zikhale ndi zotsatirapo.
Kuwongolera tizilombo towonjezera kutentha ndizovuta, koma ndizovuta zomwe eni ake ambiri owonjezera kutentha adakumana nazo panthawi ina. Izi zanenedwa, tikukhulupirira kuti blog iyi yapereka zambiri zothandiza pakuthana ndi zovuta zanu zomwe zimawononga tizilombo. Kumbukirani, ziribe kanthu kukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwanu ndi/kapena kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake, kupewa tizirombo ndikwabwinoko nthawi zonse kuposa kasamalidwe ka tizirombo kuti mutsimikizire kukula bwino kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwanu. Ku Ceres, timapanga nyumba zathu zobiriwira kuti zizikhala zotetezedwa kuti muthe kuyang'ana zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri kwa inu, mbewu zanu. Timaperekanso zofunsira zakutali kapena mwa-munthu pazokhudza zilizonse zokhudzana ndi tizirombo zomwe mungakhale nazo.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri:
Ceres Greenhouse Solutions
www.ceresgs.com
