Botrytis, kapena nkhungu imvi, yoyambitsidwa ndi bowa, Botrytis cinerea, imatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu mumphangayo komanso kupanga phwetekere ngati sakuyang'aniridwa bwino.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kufalikira mwachangu panthawi yomwe nyumba zatsekedwa komanso chinyezi chambiri chimakhalabe chambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.
Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri kunja kukakhala kozizira komanso kwachinyontho pamene kutentha kukufunika. Nkhungu yotuwa imakondedwa ndi kutentha kuchokera pa 64 ° mpaka 75 ° F ndipo imafunikira chinyezi chambiri (osati kunyowa kwamasamba) kuti ikhazikike. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi gulu lalikulu la anthu ndipo tikangokhazikitsidwa m'malo otsekedwa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwongolera (University of Massachusetts). Bowa amatha kukhala ndi moyo / nthawi yozizira ngati mycelia kapena sclerotia mu zinyalala za zomera komanso mu nthaka (North Carolina State University).
Botrytis imapezeka paliponse (mwachitsanzo, imapezeka paliponse) ndipo imakonda kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo tovulala. Botrytis cinerea ndi saprophyte yabwino kwambiri komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti minofu iliyonse yakufa kapena yakufa pamitengo ya phwetekere (kapena chomera china chilichonse) imatha kutenga kachilombo mosavuta. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalimbana ndi maluwa, zipatso (kumapeto kwa zipatso zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kapena kuyambitsa malo a mizukwa), masamba, ndi zimayambira; Chofunika kwambiri, zomera zomwe zayamwidwa posachedwapa kapena kuzidulira.
Matenda a tsinde amapezeka nthawi ya chinyezi chambiri kudzera m'mabala a masamba, ming'alu, ndi mabala odulira. Njere zimatha kukhala zilibe kwa milungu 12 mkati mwa zipsera zodulira masamba ndipo zimayamba kumera panthawi yamavuto. Zilonda za tsinde zimatha kukulira mu mphete zokhazikika kuti zimangire tsinde lonse ndikupangitsa kuti lifote pamwamba pa malo omwe ali ndi matenda (NCSU).
Botrytis ikhoza kuwongoleredwa ndi kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe, zikhalidwe zomveka bwino, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nkhungu yotuwa imakonda kutentha kuchokera pa 64 ° mpaka 75 ° F ndipo imafunikira chinyezi chambiri (osati kunyowa kwa masamba) kuti chikhazikike. Sungani chinyezi pang'ono momwe mungathere mwa kuphatikiza kutenthetsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya madzulo, makamaka pamene masiku otentha amatsatiridwa ndi usiku wozizira. Sungani mpweya wokwanira ndi mafani opingasa. Pewani kuchulukana kwa zomera.
Pitirizani kukhala ndi mapologalamu oyenera a chonde. Yesetsani kuyesa minofu pafupipafupi. Gray nkhungu imadziwika kuti imakondedwa ndi kuchepa kwa calcium. Makamaka, milingo ya calcium mpaka phosphorous yochepera 2:1 ikhoza kupangitsa kuti chomera cha phwetekere chitengeke mosavuta ndi gray mold (UMASS). Sungani pansi ndi zomangira zaukhondo ku zinyalala zilizonse za zomera kapena organic. Zomera zonse zodulidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Osagwira ntchito pazomera zonyowa, kudulirani mbewu masana kuti mabala aume mwachangu (NCSU).
Kuwongolera zosankha
Kuwongolera botrytis kumayamba ndi miyambo yokhazikika, kuzindikira mikhalidwe yomwe imathandizira kukula kwake, ndi zizindikiro pazitsamba zomwe zakhudzidwa. Pali ma fungicides angapo odziwika bwino omwe amalembedwa kuti aziwongolera mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso ngalande yayikulu. Chonde onani Table E-11 mu 2020/2021 Mid-Atlantic Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations Guide.
Wowonjezera mpweya mpweya
Perekani mpweya wabwino, usana ndi usiku, kuti zomera zisamawume komanso kuti mpweya ukhale wochepa. Kuyenda bwino kwa mpweya kumathandizira mpweya wabwino komanso kumachepetsa mwayi wopanga condensation. Kusuntha mpweya kupyola mu mbeu kumathandiza kuti mbeu ndi mpweya uzitentha mofanana.
Kupititsa patsogolo mpweya wabwino:
- tsegulani polowera mu wowonjezera kutentha kutentha kukakwera m’malo mwa mpweya wofunda wonyowa ndi mpweya wozizirira
- tenthetsani wowonjezera kutentha usiku kuti muchepetse chinyezi (ukatenthedwa, mpweya umatenga chinyezi)
- khalani ndi chinyezi chochepa usiku ndi kuzungulira kwa kutentha ndi kuzizira (kutuluka kwa zomera kumene mpweya wamadzi umatulutsidwa usiku kumapangitsa kuti chinyezi chiwonjezeke m'nyumba zobiriwira)
- khazikitsani sensa ya chinyezi kuti mulole kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa mpweya.
Kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka mpweya:
- gwiritsani ntchito mafani kusuntha mpweya mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha
- sankhani kachulukidwe ka zomera zomwe zingathandize kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino pakati pa zomera
- Dulani nthawi zonse kuti muchotse zotsalira, ndi masamba akale ndi owundana kuti muthandizire kuyenda kwa mpweya kudzera muzomera
- pewani kunyowa kwamasamba mwa kusapopera mbewu mbewu masana kapena nthawi ina iliyonse ngati nyengo ili yoti kuyanika usiku kumakhala kovuta.