Agrovoltaics - mchitidwe woyika magetsi oyendera dzuwa pafupi ndi minda - ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi padziko lonse lapansi ngati njira yokhazikitsira mphamvu zogawika bwino popanda kusokoneza kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku yunivesite ya Oregon State, kugwirizanitsa mphamvu za dzuwa ndi zaulimi kungapereke 20 peresenti ya mphamvu zonse zopangira magetsi ku United States. Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, kuyika kwakukulu kwa agrivoltaics kungayambitse kuchepa kwapachaka kwa matani 330 zikwi za mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi zotsatira "zochepa" pa zokolola za mbewu.
Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, dera la kukula kwa boma la Maryland lidzafunika kuti agrovoltaics ikwaniritse 20 peresenti yamagetsi opanga magetsi ku United States. Ndiko pafupifupi masikweya mailosi 13,000, kapena 1 peresenti ya malo omwe alipo panopa aku US. Padziko lonse lapansi, akuti 1 peresenti ya minda yonse ingatulutse mphamvu zimene dziko likufunikira ngati atasinthidwa kukhala ma solar photovoltaics.
Pali njira zambiri zopangira mapanelo agrovoltaic. Imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino ndikukweza malowo kuti pakhale malo oti zida zaulimi kapena ziweto ziziyenda momasuka pansi. Kapangidwe kena kapamwamba ndikuwongolera mapanelo a photovoltaic molunjika, kusiya mipata yotseguka pakati pa mizere ya mapanelo.
United States
Ku Somerset, California, ma solar opangidwa ku Germany opangidwa ndi Sunzaun anaikidwa pamunda wa mpesa. Woyikira Sunstall adapanga kukhazikitsa, kokhala ndi ma module a 43 450 W olumikizidwa ndi microinverter ndi mabatire awiri.
Mapangidwe a minimalist adagwiritsa ntchito mabowo m'mafelemu a ma modules kuti apange cholumikizira chosavuta pamilu iwiri, yomwe idapewa kufunikira kwa mashelufu olemera. Ma module a Bifacial solar amapanga mphamvu kumbali zonse ziwiri za gulu loyang'ana molunjika.
M'machitidwe achikhalidwe omwe amapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe opingasa, njanji zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika mapanelo pashelufu nthawi zambiri zimadulidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi kukula kwake kwa gululo. Ngati kukula kwa gululo kukusintha mutagula zinthu zina zonse zikamalizidwa, pulojekitiyo imatha kuchedwa pomwe njanji zimakonzedwanso kuti zigwirizane ndi kukula kwa gulu lomwe lasinthidwa. Mapangidwe a Sunzaun amalola kuti azitha kusintha mosavuta kukula kwa gululo mwa kusintha mtunda pakati pa stack iliyonse. N'zothekanso kusintha kutalika kwa mapanelo kuchokera pansi ngati kuli kofunikira.
Germany
Asayansi ochokera ku Leipzig University of Applied Sciences aphunzira za kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa kutumizidwa kwa ma photovoltaic olunjika chakumadzulo chakum'mawa pamsika wamagetsi waku Germany. Iwo apeza kuti kukhazikitsa kumeneku kungakhale ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa pakukhazikika kwa gridi ya dziko, pamene kulola kusakanikirana kwakukulu ndi ntchito zaulimi kusiyana ndi zomera zowonongeka za photovoltaic.
Asayansi adapeza kuti makina osunthika a photovoltaic amatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a dzuwa kupita ku maola omwe amafunikira kwambiri magetsi komanso magetsi ambiri m'miyezi yozizira, motero amachepetsa kuletsa kwa dzuwa.
"Ngati malo osungira magetsi a 1 TW yamagetsi opangira ndi kutulutsa mphamvu ndi 1 TWh ya mphamvu ikuphatikizidwa mu chitsanzo cha mphamvu zamagetsi, zotsatira zake zimachepetsedwa kukhala CO2 yopulumutsa mpaka 2.1 Mt / a ndi 70 peresenti ya ma modules olunjika kuchokera kummawa. kumadzulo ndipo 30 peresenti anakhotera kum’mwera,” iwo anatero. “Potsirizira pake, ngakhale kuti zingaoneke kukhala zosatheka kwa ena kupeza chiŵerengero cha 70 peresenti ya magetsi oima molunjika, ngakhale kutsikako kuli ndi chiyambukiro chopindulitsa.”
Japan
Ku Japan, Luxor Solar KK, wothandizana ndi wopanga ma module aku Germany a Luxor Solar, adamanga 8.3 kW vertical photovoltaic system m'malo oimika magalimoto a fakitale yopanga mpunga ya Eco Rice Niigata.
"Magalimoto adzayimitsidwa pakati pa machitidwe oima"" Uwe Liebscher, woyang'anira wamkulu wa Luxor Solar KK, adafotokozera magazini ya PV. "Cholinga cha dongosololi ndikuwonetsa kulimba m'nyengo yozizira komanso mphamvu zowonjezera chifukwa cha chisanu." Kumbali ina, Niigata amadziwika kuti ndi malo odzaza chipale chofewa, omwe amakhala ndi chipale chofewa mpaka 2 kapena 3 m'nyengo yozizira.
Dongosolo loyang'ana kumwera lili ndi ma module a solar a Luxor Solar, komanso makina okwera kuchokera kwa katswiri waku Germany vertical photovoltaic Next2Sun ndi ma inverters ochokera ku Omron waku Japan. Msonkhano woyima udzapereka magetsi ku fakitale yokonza mpunga yomwe ili pafupi ndi dongosololi. Mzinda wa Nagaoka unapereka ndalama zothandizira ntchitoyi ndi yen 2 miliyoni ($14,390).
"Kuyika koyima kumagwiritsa ntchito malo ochepa chabe a munda, ndikusunga zoposa 85 peresenti ya kuwala komwe kumafika ku mbewu, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi ulimi, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ku Japan," akufotokoza. "Izi zimatipatsa mwayi wopanga ma agrivoltaic pamafamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri, monga tirigu, mbatata kapena mpunga, pamlingo waukulu."
France
Ku France, TotalEnergies ndi InVivo, katswiri wa agrovoltaics, ayambitsa chiwonetsero cha 111 kW vertical agrivoltaics. TotalEnergies idati kuyika koyendetsa ndege kudzafufuza momwe ma solar akukhudzidwa ndi zokolola zaulimi, komanso zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, kusungirako mpweya komanso mtundu wamadzi wamalowo.
"Ndife otsimikiza kuti ma synergies opangidwa pakati pa kupanga magetsi obiriwira, biogas ndi ulimi ndi imodzi mwa mayankho otsimikizira mphamvu zathu ndi ufulu wa chakudya," adatero Thierry Muller, CEO wa TotalEnergies Renouvelables France.
Sweden
Asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Mälardalen (Sweden) apanga chitsanzo cha computational fluid dynamics (CFD) chomwe chimathandizira kusanthula kwa microclimates mumapulojekiti osakanikirana a photovoltaic. Mayesero a CFD amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa ma equations ovuta okhudza kuyenda kwa zolimba ndi mpweya kudzera ndi kuzungulira matupi, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusanthula microclimates mkati mwa machitidwe a agrivoltaic.
"Mawonekedwe a Agrivoltaic (AV) adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri popanga makina atsopano a AV, komanso popanga zisankho, popeza kusintha kwa microclimatic kumatha kuyesedwa / kulosera malinga ndi malo ndi njira ya AV," wofufuza Sebastian Zainalli. anauza pv magazine.w
Kafukufukuyu adawona kuchepa kwa 38 peresenti mu mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa m'madera apansi omwe ali ndi mithunzi ya photovoltaic modules.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu
Bungwe la US National Renewable Energy Laboratory lidapereka mfundo zisanu zochitira bwino agrovoltaics, kuphatikiza:
Nyengo, nthaka ndi chilengedwe: Mkhalidwe wa chilengedwe wa malo uyenera kukhala woyenera kutulutsa dzuwa ndi mbewu zomwe zikufunika kapena kuphimba zomera.
Kukonzekera, matekinoloje a dzuwa ndi mapangidwe: Kusankha teknoloji ya dzuwa, masanjidwe a malo ndi zipangizo zina zingakhudze chirichonse kuyambira kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumafika pazitsulo za dzuwa mpaka thirakitala, ngati kuli kofunikira, ikhoza kudutsa pansi pa mapanelo. "Zomangamangazi zikhala pansi kwa zaka 25 zikubwerazi, choncho ziyenera kuchitidwa moyenera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Kupambana kwa ntchitoyi kudzadalira, "anatero James McCall, wofufuza wa NREL yemwe amagwira ntchito ku InSPIRE.
Kusankha mbewu ndi njira zokulitsira, kamangidwe ka mbeu ndi zomera, ndi njira zoyendetsera: Ntchito za Agrivoltaic ziyenera kusankha mbewu kapena zovundikira pansi zomwe zimakula bwino pansi pa ma panel mu nyengo yawo komanso zomwe zimakhala zopindulitsa m'misika yapafupi.
Kugwirizana ndi kusinthasintha: Agrovoltaics iyenera kupangidwa m'njira yogwirizana ndi zosowa zotsutsana za eni ake oyika ma solar, oyendetsa dzuwa ndi alimi kapena eni minda kuti athe kuchita bwino zaulimi.
Mgwirizano ndi Mgwirizano: Kuti ntchito iliyonse ikhale yopambana, kulumikizana ndi kumvetsetsana pakati pamagulu ndikofunikira.