Mu 2018, magulu asanu adakula nkhaka mu Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge mpikisano wa mayiko. Kupindika: Gulu limodzi lokhalo linali ndi alimi odziwa bwino ntchito yawo pamanja. Magulu anayi otsalawo anali ndi akatswiri apadziko lonse lapansi okhudza ulimi wamaluwa ndi nzeru zamakono (AI). Adagwira ntchito yopanga mayankho a AI kuti asamalire mbewu zawo patali komanso pawokha. Cholinga cha mpikisanowu, womwe ndi woyamba padziko lonse wa Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge, chinali kupititsa patsogolo kupanga chakudya chokhazikika.
Pambuyo pa miyezi inayi yolimba, olima pamanja adakhala wachiwiri. Gulu loyamba, motsogozedwa ndi m'modzi mwa olemba nkhaniyi, adapambana ndi njira yodziyimira yokha yomwe idangopeza zokolola zazikulu 6% ndi 17% phindu lalikulu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito CO zochepa.2, zotenthetsera, ndi zolowetsa madzi.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za mpikisano ndikumvetsetsa momwe yankho la AI lingapikisane - komanso ngakhale kupambana - gulu la alimi aluso aumunthu, tiyeni tiwone bwino za AI ndi momwe ikugwirizanirana ndi greenhouse automation.
Greenhouse Automation Sichatsopano
Kwa zaka zambiri, alimi akhala akugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, masensa, ndi ma actuators kuti athetse kutentha kwa kutentha ndi ulimi wothirira. Muzochitika zotere, ntchito ya makompyuta ndi yolunjika, kudalira malamulo osavuta omveka. Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pamwamba pa 75 ° F, ndiye tsegulani mpweyawo, mwachitsanzo. Ntchito yotopetsa yowerengera kutentha ndi kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa magetsi ndi ma heaters amaperekedwa ku makina.
Zoonadi, makina opangidwa ndi malamulo sangathe kuthana ndi zochitika zosayembekezereka. Chofunika kwambiri, munthu waluso amayenera kupanga zisankho zonse za kasamalidwe ka mbewu, kufikira momwe zimakhalira pazachilengedwe. Kuti tipeze zokolola zambiri modalirika, chidziwitso ndi luso lambiri likufunika, ndipo ngakhale pamenepo, n'zosavuta kulakwitsa. Komanso, pamene minda ikukula, ntchito yoyang'anira mbewu nthawi zonse imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
Tsoka ilo, alimi amadziwa bwino kwambiri kuti ntchito ndiye gwero lalikulu la zovuta pakupanga. Chaka ndi chaka, mu Wolima Greenhouse Kafukufuku wa Top 100 Growers, alimi amafotokoza zovuta osati kokha ndi mtengo wa ntchito komanso kupezeka kwa anthu aluso. N’zosadabwitsa kuti alimi akuchulukirachulukira kufunafuna njira zothetsera mavutowa, kuphatikizapo matekinoloje atsopano omwe angapangitse kasamalidwe ka wowonjezera kutentha kukhala wodzilamulira.
AI Ndi Njira Yopitilira Malamulo Okhazikika Okhazikika
Njira yabwino yoganizira za luntha lochita kupanga ndikuti ndi sitepe yopitilira malamulo osavuta okhazikika. AI yamakono ndi yokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito masamu kuti apeze machitidwe mu data, kuphatikizapo mtundu womwe umapezeka mu greenhouse chilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo:
- Ndi deta yokwanira ya nyengo, alimi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito AI kuti adziwe malo abwino kwambiri ndikulosera za nyengo.
- Ndi deta yokwanira yokolola, alimi angagwiritse ntchito AI kuti apange zolosera zokolola.
- Ndi deta yokwanira yazithunzi, alimi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito AI kuti azindikire tizilombo ndi matenda.
Mitundu ina ya AI imatha kuphunzira kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano, kubweretsa zotsatira zabwinoko pakapita nthawi.
Potha kupereka zidziwitso zozama pakugwira ntchito kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, AI ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kupanga zisankho za akatswiri ndikupatsa mphamvu alimi m'njira yopindulitsa. Kupatula apo, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimachokera ku kuphatikiza kolingalira kwanzeru zaumunthu ndi luntha lochita kupanga.
Njira yochokera ku data ya AI imathanso kuphatikizidwa ndi njira yachikale yokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo, kulola kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa wowonjezera kutentha kuposa kale. Mwachidule, alimi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito AI kuti azitha kugwira ntchito zambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa mavuto omwe akugwira ntchito omwe amatsutsa makampani.
Data Ndiye Mafuta a AI
Monga momwe AI imakhudzira masamu masamu, imakhudzanso zambiri. Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, ma algorithms ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu AI akhalapo kwazaka zambiri. Iwo sali ngakhale ovuta kwambiri. Koma kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, kupezeka kwa data - limodzi ndi mphamvu zotsika mtengo zowerengera zomwe zimafunikira kuti zitheke - zakhala zikuchepetsa.
Zinatengera chitukuko chaposachedwa pamakompyuta kuti titsegule kuthekera kwa AI. Kusintha kwa mafoni a m'manja, komwe kunayambika ndi Apple mu 2007, kudapanga zachilengedwe zatsopano komanso zoperekera padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zidasintha chuma chofunikira pamakompyuta apakompyuta, zikuwoneka kuti zangochitika mwadzidzidzi. Zigawo zazikulu za hardware, monga ma microprocessors, mawailesi, ndi masensa, zidakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri, zocheperako, komanso zamphamvu kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa data yaiwisi kunasanduka kusefukira kwa madzi. Kuchuluka kwatsopano kwa data ndi mphamvu zowerengera zidathandizira kusintha AI kuchokera ku chidwi chofufuza ndi ntchito zochepa zamalonda kukhala kusintha kwaukadaulo panyanja.
IoT Imabweretsa Zambiri Zambiri
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1980, ophunzira omaliza maphunziro awo pa yunivesite ya Carnegie Mellon ku Pittsburgh anakwiya ndi ulendo wopita ku makina ogulitsira a Coca-Cola koma anapeza kuti alibe kanthu. Adazisintha kuti zidziwitse zomwe zidachitika pa intaneti. Pochita zimenezi, iwo anapanga chipangizo choyamba padziko lonse chopezeka pa Intaneti.
Masiku ano, mabiliyoni a zida, zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, kuyambira pamagetsi ogula mpaka kumakina akumafakitale, alowa m'makina oyamba a soda aja polumikizidwa ndi intaneti, ndikupanga zomwe zimadziwika kuti Internet of Things (IoT). Chofunikira ndichakuti, mosiyana ndi mibadwo yakale yama Hardware - kuphatikiza mayankho ambiri owonjezera owonjezera - zida za IoT zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yofananira yama data ndi njira zoyankhulirana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwina pa intaneti. Mwa kudalira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yapaintaneti, zitha kukhala zosavuta kusinthanitsa deta ndi zida za IoT osafuna zida zowonjezera kuti zidutse kuchokera kumtundu wina kupita ku wina.
Pamodzi, AI ndi IoT ndi matekinoloje othandizira. Zida za IoT zimathandiza alimi kusonkhanitsa deta yaiwisi kuchokera ku greenhouses mosavuta. Ndipo mapulogalamu a AI amathandiza alimi kuzindikira - ndikuchitapo kanthu - kuti deta ipititse patsogolo ulimi wa mbewu.
Phunziro: Kupambana kwa Kenneth Tran mu Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge
Dr. Tran: Mu 2018, ndinali wofufuza wa AI ku Microsoft Research pafupi ndi Seattle, ndikugwira ntchito pa mtundu watsopano wa AI womwe umadziwika kuti kulimbikitsa kuphunzira. Kumeneko ndinayambitsa ntchito yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito kafukufuku wathu pazaulimi wolamulidwa ndi chilengedwe. Ndi ntchito yotchedwa Sonoma, tinagwirizana ndi asayansi a zomera ku Harrow Research Center ku Ontario, Canada, ndipo tinamaliza mpikisano woyamba wadziko lonse wa Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge, wokonzedwa ndi Wageningen University & Research ku Netherlands.
Muzovuta izi, gulu lirilonse lidabzala nkhaka mu chipinda cha greenhouse cha 315 square-foot kwa nthawi ya miyezi inayi. Zipindazi zinali ndi makompyuta okhazikika, masensa a nyengo, ndi ma actuator. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a digito a IoT (REST APIs), mapulogalamu athu a AI amatha kuwerenga mosalekeza kuchokera ku masensa, kudziwa malo abwino kwambiri, ndikutumiza zosintha pamakompyuta - pa intaneti yonse (onani chithunzi pansipa). Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zovutazo ndi zotsatira zake zitha kupezeka m'nkhani ndi Hemming ndi al. (2019).
Ngakhale sitikudziwa zambiri pakukula nkhaka komanso chitsanzo chathu choyambirira, njira yathu yodziyimira payokha idakwanitsa kupambana mpikisano. Tidapambana ngakhale gulu lachiwiri, gulu lofotokozera lomwe limapangidwa ndi akatswiri alimi achi Dutch, ndi zokolola zapamwamba za 6%. Mphepete mwazokololazo inali yofanana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 17% kwa phindu la ntchito.
Kodi gulu lothandizira lidachita bwino? Ayi konse. Iwo anachita bwino kwambiri, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri. Zokolola zawo zinali pafupifupi 50 kg/m2 m'miyezi inayi, yomwe ili yofanana ndi pafupifupi 150 kg / mXNUMX2 pachaka. Izi zimatengedwa kuti ndizokolola zambiri za greenhouses kulikonse padziko lapansi.
Chifukwa cha Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge, ndidakhazikitsa Koidra mu 2020 kuti tiwonjezere zomwe taphunzira ndikupititsa patsogolo luso la AI ndi IoT pazaulimi ndi ntchito zina zowongolera mafakitale.
Kufunsa Mafunso Oyenera Okhudza AI ndi IoT
Masiku ano, alimi ambiri owonjezera kutentha ali okonzeka komanso okonzeka kutengera AI ndi IoT. Chovuta chachikulu ndikumvetsetsa zinthu zomwe zili pamsika ndikutha kudutsa muzotsatsa zonse. Makampani ambiri amanena mwachidwi kuti ali ndi AI algorithm kapena IoT chipangizo chomwe chidzagwira ntchito ku greenhouses.
Nazi zina zofunika kuzikumbukira mukamayesa mapulogalamu a AI ndi zida za IoT:
- ntchito; Olima akuyenera kuwona zopindulitsa zenizeni, zenizeni padziko lapansi. Funsani: Kodi AI yatsimikiziridwa pakupanga malonda kuti ipititse patsogolo zokolola komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu? M’mikhalidwe yotani? Kodi mbiri ya kampaniyo ndi iti pakupanga mapulogalamu a AI ndi IoT?
- Mapangidwe a AI: Mayankho othandiza kwambiri a AI amaphatikiza luntha labwino kwambiri la anthu ndi luntha lochita kupanga kupanga zisankho. Funsani: Kodi mtundu wa AI umathandizira bwanji chidziwitso chomwe chilipo? Kodi zimatsimikizira bwanji kuti magwiridwe antchito akuyenda bwino pakapita nthawi ndi data yochulukirapo?
- Mapangidwe apulogalamu: Olima ayenera kukhalabe olamulira ntchito za greenhouses. Funsani: Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zamapulogalamu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha mbewu? Kodi ndingasinthire mosavuta pakati pa mitundu yamanja, yolangizira, ndi yoyendetsa yokha nthawi zonse?
- Eni ake a data: Olima ayenera kukhala ndi deta yawo ndikupewa "kutsekera kwa ogulitsa." Funsani: Kodi ndingalowetse deta kuchokera ku machitidwe ena mosavuta? Kodi ndingathe kusunga ndi kutumiza deta yanga? Kodi pali ma API omwe amalola mwayi wopeza deta komanso kuphatikizira mwamakonda? Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito mapulogalamu ndi hardware kuchokera kwa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana, panopa komanso mtsogolo?
AI ndi IoT Zitha Kupatsa Mphamvu Olima
M'dziko limene zinthu zofunika kwambiri - madzi ndi mphamvu, komanso nthawi, ndalama, ndi ntchito zaluso - zikuchepa kwambiri, n'zomveka kufufuza matekinoloje atsopano kuti athetse vutoli. Monga tidaphunzirira kuchokera ku Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge, alimi amatha kupeza zokolola zambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya AI ndi zida za IoT. Kuphatikiza apo, matekinoloje awa akupitiliza kupangidwa ndikupita patsogolo mwachangu.
Pamapeto pake, AI ndi IoT zitha kupatsa mphamvu alimi owonjezera kutentha - kupanga zisankho zabwino, kuchita zambiri ndi zochepa - kukulitsa chakudya chapadziko lonse mokhazikika.