Asayansi ali ndi chidwi cholemeretsa ma strawberries a hydroponic ndi silicon kuti akhale ndi mafupa olimba komanso kuti asafe ndi njala, komanso kuwonjezera kusungidwa kwazinthu. Pofufuza yankho la funso limodzi, asayansi apeza munthu wofunikira kwambiri pagulu la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta epiphytic pamwamba pa zipatso.
Gulu la asayansi aku Italy, pophunzira za chiyembekezo cha biofortification ya sitiroberi, adatsimikiza momwe silicon imakhudzira gulu la zipatso za zipatso, kufalitsa zotsatira zake m'nkhani ya Agronomy 2021 pa portal ya MDPI.
“Kusoŵa kwa zakudya m’thupi ndi vuto limene limakhudza magawo awiri mwa atatu a anthu padziko lonse m’mayiko otukuka ndi otukuka kumene ndipo limakhudza kwambiri thanzi la anthu. Poganizira kuti sitiroberi ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino, kuwalemeretsa ndi mankhwala opindulitsa amawoneka ngati njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli.
Pankhani ya zipatso zatsopano, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kuwonjezereka kwazinthu zopindulitsa kungapezeke mwa kusintha ma genotypes, kupyolera mu mapulogalamu oswana, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina za agronomic, mwachitsanzo, biofortification.
Makamaka, agronomic biofortification imatheka popereka mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa m'machitidwe opanda dothi (monga hydroponics) ndi feteleza apadera amchere omwe cholinga chake ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa michere yomwe imafunikira m'zigawo zodyedwa.
Strawberries nthawi zonse amatsogolera mabulosi apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. Garden strawberries amaonedwa kuti ndi amtengo wapatali osati kokha chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo, komanso chifukwa cha thanzi lawo, chifukwa ali olemera kwambiri mu mankhwala a antioxidant monga vitamini C, anthocyanin, phenolic mankhwala ndi flavonoids.
Komabe, sitiroberi sasunga bwino pambuyo pokolola chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, komwe kumayambitsa kutaya madzi m'thupi mwachangu, kuchepa kwamphamvu, kuwonongeka kwa mtundu komanso kufewa kwa minofu.
Mavutowa amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwachuma ndipo makampaniwa nthawi zonse amafunafuna njira zowonjezera moyo wa alumali wa sitiroberi.
Pakali pano, njira zokolola pambuyo pokolola zomwe zimafuna kukulitsa moyo wa alumali wa zipatso zakhala zikuphatikizapo zakuthupi (kutentha kwambiri ndi kutsika, kuyatsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wosinthidwa kapena woyendetsedwa) kapena mankhwala (fumigation, calcium dipping, kupaka, ozonation) mankhwala.
Komabe, zotsatira za njira ya biofortification pa moyo wokolola pambuyo pa kukolola kwa sitiroberi ndizodziwikanso.
Kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi zikuwonetsa kuti, pakati pa ma micronutrients ena, silicon (Si) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa thanzi la munthu potenga nawo gawo pakupanga mafupa ndi mineralization.
Silicon, chinthu chachiwiri chochuluka kwambiri m'nthaka, sichofunikira kwa zomera. Komabe, kuphatikiza kwa Si m'mapulogalamu a umuna kwawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pa mbewu, kukonza kukana kwa biotic ndi abiotic stressors ndi zokolola zambiri.
Pankhani ya biofortification, maphunziro angapo achitika kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa Si muzomera zodyedwa.
Kutengera zotsatira, osankhidwa bwino adasankhidwa: sitiroberi, masamba amasamba ndi nyemba zobiriwira.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, biofortification ya sitiroberi inachititsa kuti masiyanidwe apangidwe a biologically yogwira mankhwala, ndiko kuti, kuchepa kwa mankhwala a phenolic ndi kuwonjezeka kwa flavonoids.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesa kosiyanasiyana kwawonetsa kuti njira zopangira biofortification pogwiritsa ntchito michere yamchere zimathanso kuwonjezera moyo wa alumali wazinthu zaulimi.
Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kuwunika momwe silicon biofueling ya hydroponic sitiroberi imagwirira ntchito pakusunga zipatso zikatha kukolola.
Zomera za sitiroberi zidabzalidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yoyendetsedwa bwino ndipo kuchuluka kwa Si kunawonjezedwa munjira yokhazikika yazakudya. Ma strawberries kenaka amawunikidwa kuti aone ngati ali ndi makhalidwe abwino (mwachitsanzo, acidity yochuluka, kuuma, Brix ndi kukoma kwake) ndipo kusungirako kunayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Kuphatikiza apo, sitiroberi adawunikidwanso chifukwa cha mapangidwe a epiphytic tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kuti adziwe ngati angakhudzidwe ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mbewuyo, ndipo makamaka, ndi pulogalamu ya Si biofortification.
Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti biofortification sinakhudze kwambiri kuuma kwa chipatsocho, pomwe pamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri ya Si, kuwonjezeka kwa tittable acidity kunawonedwa.
Kuwunika kwa gulu la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kwa nthawi yoyamba kunawonetsa kukhalapo kwa mabakiteriya a probiotic, omwe ndi: Bacillus breve, omwe amatha kukhala ndi zinthu zosangalatsa zaukadaulo monga mitundu yofananira ndi gawo la zipatso za sitiroberi.
Kuonjezera apo, pamene mlingo wa Si biofortification unakula, kuchepa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga Escherichia coli ndi Terrisporobacter glycolicus kunawonedwanso.