Zomwe zinapangidwa kuchokera ku 2004 mpaka pano, pali mitundu yambiri ya greenhouses mumzinda wa Da Lat (chigawo cha Lam Dong) kuchokera ku zotsika mtengo kupita kumtunda wapamwamba, kotero ndikofunikira kusuntha kutentha konse kunja kwa mzinda wamkati. kukhazikitsa njira zambiri zolumikizirana komanso zanthawi yayitali.
Mitundu yonse ya greenhouses ku Da Lat
Posachedwapa, Dipatimenti ya Agriculture and Rural Development ya chigawo cha Lam Dong yapereka pempho kwa komiti ya chigawo kuti ivomereze ntchitoyi pa kayendetsedwe ka Greenhouse, kulimbikitsa ulimi waulimi ndi luso lapamwamba kuti ligwirizane ndi kusintha kwa nyengo m'chigawo cha Lam Dong. .
Malingana ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi ndi Zachitukuko Zakumidzi ya chigawo cha Lam Dong, mu 2004, Komiti ya Provincial People's Committee inavomereza Pulogalamu ya High-Tech Agriculture Development kwa nthawi ya 2004 - 2010. Zotsatira zake, kumapeto kwa 2010, chigawo chonse cha Kulima kwaukadaulo m'chigawo cha Lam Dong kudavomerezedwa ndi Provincial People's Committee. Dong ndi mahekitala oposa 6,400, mtengo wamtengo wapatali pa gawo lililonse la malo olimidwa ndi 76 miliyoni VND / ha, ndi ndalama zapakati pa 35-40 miliyoni VND / ha. Momwemo, malo owonjezera kutentha amafika kupitilira 1,100ha.
Panthawiyi, nyumba zambiri zobiriwira zimapangidwa ndi V3, V4 nsungwi ndi chitsulo mafelemu ndi 1-2 zigawo za nayiloni filimu, makamaka ntchito kuteteza mvula, popanda specifications wowonjezera kutentha kapangidwe, makamaka kupanga mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. chitukuko chodzidzimutsa.
Kenako, mu nthawi ya 2011-2015, malo onse owonjezera kutentha ku Lam Dong adakula mpaka 3,100ha. Zokolola ndi mtengo wa zokolola zapamwamba ndi zoweta zinawonjezeka pafupifupi ndi 30%, zomwe zimathandiza kuti phindu likhale lopindulitsa kwa opanga ndi 40% poyerekeza ndi ndalama. Gawo lazaulimi zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zimapanga 80% ya ndalama zonse zomwe chigawochi chimachokera.
Komabe, panthawiyi, panali mabizinesi angapo omwe amaitanitsa zinthu zotenthetsera kutentha kuchokera kumayiko otsogola monga Taiwan, Japan, Netherlands, ndi zina zambiri, ndikuzisonkhanitsa m'mabizinesi okhazikika pakupanga maluwa ndi minda yamaluwa apamwamba kwambiri. kuyalira. Mpaka pano, chigawo cha Lam Dong chili ndi mahekitala oposa 4,300 a greenhouses (kuwonjezeka kwa 1,100 ha poyerekeza ndi 2015).
Lam Dong Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi ndi Zachitukuko Zakumidzi inagwirizanitsanso ndi magawo oyenerera kuti afufuze, kufufuza ndi kuzindikira mitundu inayi yodziwika bwino ya greenhouses yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulimi wamakono. Momwemo, mitundu iwiri ya greenhouses yapamwamba kwambiri ndi 2A ndi 1B. Kapangidwe ka wowonjezera kutentha ali ndi denga agulugufe, lotseguka dome mbali imodzi ndi aperture 1-9.6m, ngalande kutalika 12.8m. 5 micron wandiweyani 200-wosanjikiza polyethylene zofolerera nembanemba ndi odana ndi fumbi, odana ndi chifunga, odana ndi HIV, anti-UV katundu.
Mitundu iwiri ya greenhouses yapakati, 2A ndi 2B, ili ndi mawonekedwe otseguka a dome kumbali imodzi yokhala ndi 8-9.6m. Nyumbayo imapangidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kamangidwe ka nyumba zobiriwira zaulimi zamayiko ena komanso kapangidwe ka katunduyo malinga ndi momwe zilili ku Vietnam.
Komanso, 3 mitundu ya greenhouses otsika kalasi 3A, 3B, 3C ndi nyumba wowonjezera kutentha 3A chatsekedwa dome, 3B lotseguka dome, 3C denga A woboola pakati ndi kabowo wa 5.2-6m. Mtundu uwu wa wowonjezera kutentha umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 93% ya mabanja omwe adafunsidwa. Nthawiyi, pafupifupi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ntchito nkhani 6% okha, otsala mkulu kalasi greenhouses nkhani yokha 1%, makamaka anaikira minda ndi lalikulu ndalama ndalama.
Njira zothetsera kubweretsa greenhouses kumkati mwa mzinda
Kupyolera mu kafukufuku wa Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi ndi Zachitukuko Zakumidzi m'chigawo cha Lam Dong, ku Ward 12, Da Lat City, chiŵerengero cha malo owonjezera kutentha / malo olima ndi 83.7%. Pakadali pano, ma ward 5, 7 ndi 8 ndi opitilira 60%. Ma ward ena mkati mwa mzinda wa Da Lat monga ward 6, ward 3, ward 4, chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa malo m'zaka 3 zapitazi, madera ambiri owonjezera kutentha asinthidwa kukhala malo omanga, osagwiritsa ntchito malo obiriwira. . Ku Ward 6, kwatsala mahekitala 9.4 okha ndipo Ward 3 ili ndi mahekitala 23.4 a greenhouses.
Komanso malinga ndi nthambiyi, kuti ntchitoyi ikwaniritsidwe pa nthawi yake komanso zotsatira zake zabwino, akuluakulu a boma akuyenera kusonkhanitsa ndi kutsogolera anthu kuti amange nyumba zobiriwira zatsopano zomwe zikugwirizana ndi luso komanso kupeza chilolezo chomanga nyumba. galasi kudzera kalembera wa kusintha dziko.
Kukonzanso ndi kukongoletsa ma greenhouses kuti akwaniritse miyezo yaukadaulo, kubzala mitengo pazigawo ndi ziwembu kuti muchepetse kutentha.
Kuphatikiza apo, kutembenuza kupanga mu greenhouses kupita ku ulimi wakunja, kupanga greenhouses zamakono kuti zilimbikitse zida zapamwamba kwambiri, ukadaulo wa IoT kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zaulimi zotsogola kupititsa patsogolo zokolola, zabwino ndi mtengo wazinthu, zomwe zimathandizira kuteteza chilengedwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, pankhani yakukonzekera kwamatawuni ndi njira zokometsera, ndikofunikira kutulutsa malamulo osakhalitsa pamiyezo yaukadaulo ya wowonjezera kutentha, kachulukidwe kanyumba kowonjezera kutentha, malamulo oyendetsera dzikolo m'chigawocho kuti azitha kuyendetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. kumanga nyumba zobiriwira m'chigawo cha Lam Dong, choyenera kumadera ndi zochitika zenizeni za dera lililonse.
Kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe ka madera opangira ulimi molingana ndi ndondomeko yovomerezeka yovomerezeka ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zolinga, kukula ndi cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito nthaka yaulimi molingana ndi dongosolo lovomerezeka, osati kupanga nyumba zobiriwira zambiri m'mizinda.
"Chigawo cha Lam Dong chiyenera kukonza malo aulimi m'matauni kuti agwiritse ntchito ulimi waukhondo ndi ulimi wamakono popanda kugwiritsa ntchito malo obiriwira, kuchepetsa gawo laulimi m'madera akumidzi, ndi kuonjezera ulimi waulimi m'matauni. Chiŵerengero cha nthaka pomanga m’matauni Madera akuyambapo kupanga mapulani a chitukuko cha greenhouses kunja kwa tawuni (madera a m’mphepete mwa tawuni, madera olimidwa mwapadera) mogwirizana ndi makonzedwe onse ndi ndondomeko zovomerezeka zogwiritsira ntchito malo. vomereza.
Ndi bwino kuchotsa filimu pulasitiki yozungulira wowonjezera kutentha ndi kusintha kulima njira pa nthaka yolimidwa ndi kulima panja kapena theka-wowonjezera kutentha (pambuyo nyengo zingapo, denga wowonjezera kutentha amachotsedwa kwa ulimi lotseguka kapena kumanga wowonjezera kutentha ndi denga basi ulamuliro).
Makamaka, m'malo okhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka greenhouses, malo owonjezera kutentha amakhudza chilengedwe. Zomera zimasankhidwa kuti zisinthidwe kuti zitsimikizire zokolola zambiri, kuchita bwino kwachuma ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za msika, ndikuyika patsogolo kusankha mitundu yoyenera kupanga zenizeni", dipatimenti yazaulimi ndi chitukuko chakumidzi. kuti ntchitoyi itheke bwino.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kubwereketsa ngongole ya greenhouses, zomwe ndi katundu wogwirizana ndi dzikolo, chifukwa cha greenhouses zomangidwa motsatira malamulo ndi mfundo zaumisiri ndi chilolezo ndi olamulira oyenerera kumanga ndi njira yothetsera vutoli. Mabuku amasangalatsidwanso kwambiri ndi anthu ndi mabizinesi.
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