Santiago Moreno, pulofesa wathunthu wa Plant Biotechnology- Biology Department, posachedwapa watenga ntchito yotsogolera UPM Plant Germplasm Bank (UPM-PGB). Amatchula ntchito ziwiri zofunika pa malowa, omwe ali ku Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB).
Choyamba, kusunga zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, monga "maziko a chikhalidwe chabwino cha chilengedwe". Kachiwiri, kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi "kuti timvetsetse bwino zamtundu wa zomera komanso chitukuko chokhazikika cha chakudya ndi ulimi". Kuphatikiza apo, Pulofesa Moreno amakumbutsa kugwirizana kwa ntchitozi ndi ziwiri za Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) zolimbikitsidwa ndi UN: Tetezani, bwezeretsani ndikulimbikitsa zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi komanso kuthetsa njala.
Santiago Moreno, pulofesa wathunthu wa dipatimenti ya Biology Plant Biotechnology
Kufunika kwa UPM-PGB kumayamba ndi mbiri yake. Inali yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi kupanga mbewu zakuthengo.
Zowonadi, idabadwa mu 1966, ndi zomera zakutchire zaku Cruciferae zomwe Pulofesa César Gómez Campo adagwiritsa ntchito ngati maziko a kafukufuku wake. Kulengedwa kwake kumabwera pazaka za chitukuko chabwino kwambiri cha kuswana kwa zomera, pa zomwe zimatchedwa kusintha kobiriwira. Panthaŵiyo, anthu anali ndi chidwi chofuna kusunga mbewu za mitundu yobzalidwa; Ndipotu, mabanki angapo adapangidwa kuti achite izi padziko lapansi. Pulofesa Gómez Campo atapanga nkhokwe yoyamba padziko lonse yosungiramo mbewu za zamoyo zakuthengo, sanali kungozindikira phindu lenileni la mbewu zakutchire komanso mmene zingagwiritsire ntchito kuswa mbewu.
Kodi zosonkhanitsidwa zoyenera kwambiri ndi ziti? Kodi banki imasunga mitundu ingati?
Mitengo ya Wild crucifer, ndithudi, ndiyomwe imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Osati kabichi, radishes, mpiru ndi mpiru ndizo za banja ili komanso mitundu yambiri yamtchire, kuphatikizapo Diplotaxis (wall-rocket) yomwe imasonyeza minda yathu ndi mizinda yachikasu kumayambiriro kwa masika. UPM-PGB imasonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu kwambiri la crucifer zakutchire padziko lonse lapansi ndi mitundu pafupifupi 500 ndi mitundu yopitilira 1,500. Chifukwa cha ubale wawo ndi mitundu yobzalidwa yomwe tatchulayi, yambiri mwa mitunduyi imakhala ndi phindu linalake.
Palinso gulu lachiwiri lodziwika bwino la zamoyo zomwe zapezeka ku Iberia Peninsula, zilumba za Balearic ndi dera la Macronesian, zomwe zikuphatikiza zilumba za Canary Islands. Ntchito ya Artemis inalola kukhazikitsidwa kwa zosonkhanitsazi zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, mu 1973. Cholinga chake chinali kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga mbewu za mitundu yathu yomwe imapezeka nthawi yaitali. Masiku ano, mitundu yopitilira 300 yomwe imapezeka ku banki yonse imasungidwa.
Kodi zophatikizika zikupitilirabe, kapena ndi zinthu zotsekedwa?
Ngakhale kuchepa kwa bajeti komanso kuchepa kwa ogwira ntchito kumakhudza kuphatikizika, izi zimapitilirabe pazifukwa ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa zomwe sizikupezeka mu UPM-PGB. Mwachitsanzo, kuyimira kwa mitundu ya banja la Cruciferae ndi kochititsa chidwi, koma kuyimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imayika mtundu uliwonse si yabwino kwambiri. Nkhaniyi imakhala yofunika kwambiri chifukwa alimi [amene amayang'ana kwambiri kupeza mitundu yoposa yomwe ilipo kale] nthawi zina amatha kupeza chibadwa chosangalatsa pakusinthasintha kwazinthu zakuthengo.
Kachiwiri, banki, monga membala wa Collection Network of the National Programme of Plant Genetic Resources, ikugwirizana ndi kulemekeza zomwe dziko lathu lachita pokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka chibadwa cha zomera ndi kayendetsedwe ka chakudya ndi ulimi padziko lonse lapansi.
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