Mafamu ang'onoang'ono a m'chigawo cha Krasnogvardeisky ku Adygea akugwira bwino ntchito yolima sitiroberi, ndikuwonjezera malo omwe amalima mabulosi chaka chilichonse. Masiku ano, imatenga mahekitala opitilira 100 kwa alimi akumaloko, komanso kupitilira - mahekitala 1,800 a magawo apanyumba apayekha.
Pamaziko a mafakitale
Mmodzi mwa alimi awa ndi Vladimir Glukhoded. Okwana, strawberries kutenga 6 mahekitala pa famu yake, kuphatikizapo wowonjezera kutentha ndi lotseguka pansi. Amalima mitundu 5 ya zipatso zokoma: oyambirira - "Alba", pakati - "Roxana", "Asia" ndi "Clery" ndi mochedwa - "Florence". Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwonjezere kwambiri nthawi yokolola sitiroberi, yomwe imatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri pafamu. Ndi zokolola za matani 15-20 pa hekitala, zokolola za sitiroberi chaka chatha zinali matani 100. Chaka chino, Vladimir Glukhoded akuneneratu kuchuluka kwa zosonkhanitsira izi kuchokera matani 80 mpaka 100.
- Ndakhala ndikukula sitiroberi kwa zaka pafupifupi 15. Ndipo anayamba ndi kugula mbande kwa anzake n’kubzala m’dera laling’ono. Masiku ano, kupanga zipatso zotsekemera kwakhala ntchito yanga yayikulu. M’ntchito imeneyi, ndathandizidwa ndi chidziŵitso chimene ndinalandira pamene ndinali kukhala ku Bashkiria. Kumeneko ndinamaliza maphunziro a sukulu yaukadaulo yaulimi, ndiyeno ku Faculty of Biology ndi Chemistry ya Pedagogical Institute, ndinatha kugwira ntchito kwa zaka 4 monga agronomist pafamu yamagulu, - akutero mlimiyo.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti opanga zaulimi ku Russia ali okhoza kulowetsa m'malo. Ku Adygea, Krasnodar Territory ndi Stavropol Territory, ndikofunikira kupanga mwachangu malo owonjezera kutentha ndikupatsa dzikolo masamba ndi zipatso zapakhomo, kukana kuitanitsa kunja.
Tsopano kulima zipatso pa famu yaikidwa pa mafakitale maziko.
Makamaka dera lonselo lili ndi ulimi wothirira. Kwa izi, zitsime 7 zakuya mamita 22 chilichonse zidabowoleredwa pafamuyo, majenereta 5 okhala ndi mphamvu yofikira ma kilowatts 6.5 ndi mapampu asanu ndi awiri akugwira ntchito. Podutsa magalimoto olemera kupita kumunda, mlimiyo, pamodzi ndi mwana wake wamwamuna, adakonza msewu wa miyala.
Famuyi ilinso ndi zida zake, makamaka mathirakitala awiri a Kubota, odulira awiri, opopera mankhwala, ndi thirakitala ya MTZ-82. Mwa njira, pogula thirakitala iyi, mlimiyo adagwiritsa ntchito njira yobwereketsa yopindulitsa, yomwe sanapereke kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira, ndiyeno adasamutsira ma ruble 29 pazida zilizonse kotala kwa zaka zisanu. Zinali zolemetsa zochepa pazachuma pafamu yake, koma zikanakhala zodula kugula thirakitala yatsopano nthawi yomweyo.
"Famu yathu yakhazikitsa maubwenzi apamtima ndi labotale No. 1 ya mudzi wa Dinskaya ku Krasnodar Territory, kumene malingaliro okhudza zakudya zamchere amapangidwa kwa ife. Pempho lathu, akatswiri a labotale amabwera kudzasanthula nthaka. Ndipo tsiku lotsatira amatipatsa njira zina zodyetsera sitiroberi. Kuti tichite izi, timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala onse ovomerezeka. Komanso, timagwiritsa ntchito feteleza enieni pagawo linalake lakukula kwa mbewu, "atero Vladimir Glukhoded.
Masiku ano, anthu 16 aganyu a m’mudzi wa Bely amagwira ntchito pamalopo. Koma izi sizokwanira, kotero gulu lochokera ku Tikhoretsk, Krasnodar Territory, likugwiranso ntchito. Mlimi wakhala akugwirizana naye kwa zaka zoposa 10, mamembala a timu akugwira ntchito yodzala sitiroberi, kupalira, kupalira, kukolola. Mwa njira, kuyambira chaka chino mlimi wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito zotengera za yuro kusonkhanitsa sitiroberi, zomwe zimakulolani kuti muzitsatira ubwino wa zinthu zonse zomwe zaikidwa mmenemo.
Nyengo chaka chino sinakhale yabwino kwa sitiroberi: kuzizira ndi mvula kunathandizira kukula kwa matenda osiyanasiyana. Choncho, nthawi zonse tinkayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oteteza zomera ndikuchita mankhwala otetezera. Ngati ntchitozi sizinachitike kale, ndiye kuti mbewu zitha kugwa ndipo zipatso zimawola.
- Ma greenhouses amayenera kuyang'aniridwa chaka chonse. Mwachitsanzo, kuti asavutike ndi mphepo yamphamvu, filimuyo inayenera kukwiriridwa mozama. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, pa chipale chofewa, nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo usiku, kuyeretsa greenhouses. Chifukwa cha ichi, tinatha kupewa kuwononga,” akutero mlimiyo.
Ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg
Ponena za kugulitsa mankhwala, zipatso zokoma zochokera ku Adygea zimatumizidwa ku Moscow, St. Petersburg, Volgograd, Voronezh, Kaluga ndi Samara. Pamene ma strawberries ambiri amakololedwa pafamu - matani 6-7 patsiku kapena kuposerapo, ndiye makasitomala okhazikika amatenga zokolola zawo. Mitundu ya sitiroberi yomwe imabzalidwa pafamuyo imakhala yosagwirizana ndi kayendedwe kamtunda wautali, ndipo imaperekedwa mosatekeseka.
Malinga ndi Vladimir Glukhoded, pali vuto ndi kugulitsa strawberries pamsika ku Velikovechny chifukwa cha ogula ndi ogulitsa. Mpaka mabulosi afika kwa wogula, amadutsa m'manja asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi. Zimachitikanso kuti ogulitsa amagula zipatso kuchokera kwa opanga, amazichotsa pamiyeso ndipo nthawi yomweyo amazigulitsa kwa ogula pamtengo wokwera kwambiri.
Zotsatira zake, mtengo wa sitiroberi ukuwonjezeka ndi 70 peresenti. Mwa njira, alimi akuluakulu monga ife amavutika pang'ono - ogula amabwera kwa ife mwachindunji m'munda ndikutenga zokolola. Koma kwa mabanja ang'onoang'ono omwe amalima strawberries m'minda yawo, izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa, - mlimi akudandaula.
Ku Adygea, kuli nyengo yabwino komanso nthaka yachonde, ndipo pafupi ndi nyanja ndi mapiri omwe mungagulitse malonda anu. Masiku ano, kupanga zipatso - sitiroberi zakutchire ndi raspberries - kukuyamba kukula mu Republic, ndipo achinyamata nawonso akuchita nawo izi.
Pankhani yopanga sitiroberi, Vladimir Glukhoded amakambirana nthawi zonse ndi mutu wa famu ya Nika m'chigawo cha Maykop. Kwa iye, amaphunzira za mitundu yatsopano yodalirika yomwe imatumizidwa kumunda. Komabe, zochitika m’makampaniwa zinaphunzitsa mlimi kukhala wosamala kwambiri pa zinthu zatsopano.
- Kangapo ndinayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano, koma kenako ndinabwerera ku zakale - Roxana, Asia ndi Alba. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutenga mitundu ya "Asia", ndiye kuti poyamba, ndipo yachiwiri, ndipo pokolola chachitatu, mabulosi adzakhala aakulu, okhazikika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali mitundu yatsopano yamakono yomwe imapereka mabulosi akuluakulu panthawi yokolola koyamba, kenako yaing'ono. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbikitsa kumathandiza kupewa izi. Koma sitigwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa sizidziwika momwe izi zidzakhudzire khalidwe la mankhwala, - adatero Vladimir Glukhoded.
Osati zipatso zokha, komanso dzinthu
Ponseponse, mlimiyo ali ndi malo olimapo mahekitala 75. Kuwonjezera pa sitiroberi, amalima tirigu, balere ndi mpendadzuwa m’derali. Palinso chiwembu chambewu chokhala ndi mahekitala 4, pomwe tirigu wodalirika wodalirika "Count" amafesedwa. Chifukwa cha tsamba ili, Vladimir Glukhoded amadzipatsa mbewu m'dera la mahekitala 60, ndipo zokolola za mbewu yayikulu zimafika pa 62 centner pa hekitala.
Ulimi wamba amalipira msonkho nthawi zonse. M'chaka chamakono, adalipira msonkho wa ndalama zokwana 255 rubles. Ndipo poganizira zoyendera, malo, misonkho yamagulu ndi penshoni, ndalama zolipirira zidzakwera mpaka ma ruble 350. Kwa famu yaying'ono yokhala ndi mahekitala 75 okha a malo olimapo, izi ndi zochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zikuwonetsa ntchito yabwino komanso ndalama zambiri pafamu yawamba.
Mlimi wopita patsogolo ali ndi maloto ake. Makamaka, akufuna kumanga firiji, kupanga mbande za frigo yekha, mwachitsanzo, mbande zozizira, zokolola zomwe m'chaka choyamba chobzala zimakhala zofanana ndi zachiwiri. Akufunanso kuika firiji pafupi ndi munda kuti aziziziritsa zinthuzo.
Ponseponse, mlimiyo ali ndi malo olimapo mahekitala 75. Kuwonjezera pa sitiroberi, amalima tirigu, balere ndi mpendadzuwa m’derali. Palinso chiwembu chambewu chokhala ndi mahekitala 4, pomwe tirigu wodalirika wodalirika "Count" amafesedwa.
- Ndikuganiza kuti opanga zaulimi ku Russia amatha kulowetsa m'malo. M'malingaliro anga, ku Adygea, Krasnodar Territory ndi Stavropol Territory, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale madera owonjezera kutentha ndikupatsa dziko masamba ndi zipatso zapakhomo, kukana kuitanitsa kunja. Ndine wokondwa kuti ndikamapita kumapiri ndi banja langa, ndimakumana ndi minda yamaluwa amakono ambiri, ndipo mitengo yazinthu ndi yabwino,” adatero mlimiyo.
Amakhulupirira kuti ku Adygea kuli nyengo yabwino komanso nthaka yachonde, ndipo pafupi ndi nyanja ndi mapiri, komwe mungagulitse malonda anu. Umangofunika kugwira ntchito osati ulesi. Ndipo ndizosangalatsa kuti lero kupanga zipatso - sitiroberi zam'munda ndi raspberries - zikuyamba kukula m'dziko la Republic, ndipo achinyamata nawonso akuchita nawo izi. Ndipo boma lidapereka chithandizo kwa iwo mwa njira ya ndalama pansi pa pulogalamu ya Agrostartup.