Pepala laposachedwa m'magazini ya sayansi 'Plants' likuwunikira mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa mabanki amtundu ku Europe. Pepalali linalembedwa pamodzi ndi mutu wa CGN plant genebank, mlembi wa European Cooperative Program for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR), ndi wogwirizanitsa wakale wa virtual European genebank Initiative (AEGIS). Kudziwunikira kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti pakhale pepala latsatanetsatane ndi mfundo zomveka.
Kugwirizana ku Europe
European Cooperative Program for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR), bungwe la ambulera la mayiko a ku Ulaya pankhani ya Plant Genetic Resources, lapanga zochitika zambiri zogwirizanitsa pakati pa mabanki a ku Ulaya m'zaka makumi anayi zapitazi. Komabe, izi sizinapangitse kuti mgwirizano uwonjezeke.
Pofuna kukonza izi, AEGIS (chidule cha: 'A European Genebank Integrated System') inakhazikitsidwa mu 2004. AEGIS ndi ndondomeko ya ECPGR yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuteteza ndi kupereka mwayi wopeza majeremusi apadera ku Ulaya. Ndi genebank yomwe imayang'anira 'European Collection', yopangidwa ndi mamembala omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mamembala a AEGIS' (mabanki amtundu), omwe amalinganiza ndikulipira mtengo wanthawi yayitali yosungira ndi kugawa zinthuzi. Zofunika mu AEGIS zikuyenera kuyendetsedwa motsatira miyezo yomwe mwagwirizana ndipo ziyenera kupezeka mwaulele malinga ndi zomwe zili mu Pangano la Padziko Lonse la Zomera Zachilengedwe Zazakudya ndi Zaulimi.
Pofuna kusanthula ndikuwunika mgwirizanowu, Theo van Hintum, wamkulu wa CGN plant genebank, Lorenzo Maggioni, mlembi wa European Cooperative Program for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR), ndi Johannes Engels, yemwe kale anali wogwirizanitsa AEGIS, analemba. nkhani yomwe yatulutsidwa posachedwapa 'AEGIS, pafupifupi European genebank: chifukwa chiyani ili lingaliro labwino, chifukwa chake silikugwira ntchito komanso momwe lingasinthire bwino'. Pepalali likufotokoza mbiri ya kusungidwa kwa zomera zamtundu wa zomera (PGR) ku Ulaya ndi chifukwa chake mgwirizano pakati pa mabanki a gene sizinasinthe kwambiri kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ECPGR. Olembawo amawona kuti (1) nthawi zambiri zokolola zamtundu wa zomera zimabwerezedwa m'magulu ambiri, pamene zinthu zina zofunika zikusowa, (2) kupeza zipangizo, ngati zilipo, nthawi zambiri zimangokhala gulu laling'ono la anthu. ogwira nawo ntchito ku bungwe, ogwira nawo ntchito, kapena mamembala a intaneti yoletsedwa, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, (3) ubwino wa njira zotetezera ndi zinthu zotetezedwa sizikudziwika bwino ndipo mwina nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika kwambiri.
Chifukwa chiyani AEGIS siigwira ntchito
Olembawo akuwona kuti AEGIS, mpaka pano, sikuyenda bwino. Zochepa kwambiri zaphatikizidwa mu genebank: 65,267 accessions, yomwe ndi 3.2% yokha yazinthu zomwe zidalembetsedwa ku EURISCO, database yaku Europe yazinthu zama genebank. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa palibe zolimbikitsa zophatikizira zinthu mu AEGIS ndipo ma genebanks amawoneka osafuna kudzipereka pamiyezo yofunikira popanda zolimbikitsa zotere. Komanso, ubwino ndi mwayi wopeza zinthu zomwe zikuphatikizidwazo sizikutsimikiziridwa, chifukwa palibe njira yomwe imatsimikizira kutsatiridwa kwa makhalidwe abwino.
Momwe izo zikanakhoza kuwongolera
Ma Genebanks sangathe ndipo sangadalire wina ndi mzake ngati sangakhale otsimikiza za ubwino ndi kupitiriza kwa zosonkhanitsa zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi anzawo amtundu wa gene. Chifukwa chake, kufunikira kukugogomezera kukhazikitsa dongosolo labwino lomwe mabanki amtundu amatha kukhala ovomerezeka ndi AEGIS. Zotsatira za dongosolo loterolo zikanakhala kuti mabanki a majini ovomerezeka ndi AEGIS adziyenereza kuti athandizidwe m'madera a dziko ndi m'madera, chifukwa ayenera kukhala odalirika opereka chithandizo chotetezera majini. Mabungwe omwe akufuna kukhala mabanki ovomerezeka a AEGIS, koma osakwaniritsa zofunikira, ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi ECPGR ndi othandizira ena kuti akwaniritse cholinga ichi mwa kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu, kusinthana kwa ogwira ntchito, kuthandizira kukhazikitsa zofunikira, ndi zina zotero.
Kupitiliza kwa zosonkhanitsidwa zitha kuchitika popanga 'open backup system'. Kusunga chitetezo ndi ntchito yokhazikika pamabanki onse ogwira ntchito bwino; amatumiza zitsanzo za zinthu zawo kwa anzawo a genebank ndi ku Svalbard Global Seed Vault. Komabe, pakali pano izi zimachitika muzomanga zamabokosi akuda momwe wopereka zinthuzo ndi amene amapeza. Olembawo akupereka kusintha pang'ono kwa njirayi, povomereza kuti zolowa mu genebank zosunga zobwezeretsera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziphatikizidwe m'gulu lina la AEGIS-genebank pazochitika zosafunikira kuti genebank yoyambirira siyingapatsenso mwayi wopeza izi.
Olembawo amawona kuti gulu la European genebank momveka bwino lili ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuchita mwaukadaulo komanso kugwirira ntchito limodzi. Popanga zolimbikitsa zoyenera ndikukhazikitsa maziko oyenera omwe amathandizidwa ndi mabungwe opereka ndalama ndi opanga mfundo, olemba amakhulupirira kuti njira yabwino yolumikizirana mabanki a gene ikhoza kupangidwa ku Europe.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri:
Wageningen University & Kafukufuku
www.wur.nl