#GreenhouseCultivation #AgriculturalDevelopment #Iran #Mazandaran #WaterCrisis #JobOpportunities #NonOilExports #EnvironmentalPreservation
Chigawo cha Mazandaran ku Iran chawona kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pa ulimi wowonjezera kutentha, pomwe mahekitala opitilira 1,300 amalo operekedwa kale kunjira yamakonoyi. Akuluakulu aku chigawo akufuna kukulitsa malo omwe amalimapo greenhouses mpaka mahekitala 5,000 mkati mwa zaka zitatu zikubwerazi. Kutukukaku ndi mbali ya bungwe la unduna wa zamalimidwe la Greenhouse Development Programme, lomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito za ulimi, kugwira ntchito moyenera, komanso kusamalira madzi pazaulimi. Kukula kwa ulimi wothirira nthaka sikungothetsa vuto la madzi komanso kumabweretsa mwayi wa ntchito, kumalimbikitsa kutumizidwa kunja kwa mafuta osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta, komanso kumathandizira kuteteza chilengedwe.
Chigawo cha Mazandaran, chomwe chili kumpoto kwa Iran, chatulukira ngati malo olimapo greenhouses. Malinga ndi a Ehsan Abbaspour, wachiwiri kwa wamkulu wa dipatimenti yazaulimi m'chigawochi pakuwongolera zokolola, malo okwana mahekitala 1,314 ku Mazandaran pano aperekedwa kuti azilima wowonjezera kutentha. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kwa njira zamakono zaulimi kumasonyeza kudzipereka kwa chigawochi pa chitukuko chaulimi.
Abbaspour adavumbulutsanso kuti akuluakulu akuchigawo akufuna kukulitsa malo omwe ali ndi greenhouses mpaka mahekitala 5,000 pazaka zitatu zikubwerazi. Cholinga chachikuluchi chikuwunikira kutsimikiza kwa chigawocho kuti apindule ndi ubwino wa ulimi wothirira madzi. Madera asanu owonjezera kutentha akhazikitsidwa kale ku Mazandaran, ndipo akuluakulu akufunitsitsa kupitiriza izi.
Kukula kwa ulimi wa greenhouses kumagwirizana ndi mfundo yayikulu ya unduna wa zamalimidwe yolimbikitsa ulimi wamakonowu. Undunawu wafotokoza ndikuyambitsa ntchito zingapo zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha greenhouses. Mapulojekitiwo akavomerezedwa, adzalandira chithandizo chandalama ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kudzayamba. Kuchita khama kwa undunawu kukuwonetsa kudzipereka kwawo pakupititsa patsogolo ulimi.
Kukula kwa kulima wowonjezera kutentha m'chigawo cha Mazandaran kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zingapo. Choyamba, ikuyang'ana vuto la madzi lomwe labweretsa zovuta kwambiri ku gawo laulimi ku Iran m'zaka zaposachedwa. Potengera njira zamakono za ulimi wothirira ndi kuchepetsa kumwa madzi, kulima wowonjezera kutentha kumathandiza kusunga gwero lamtengo wapatali limeneli.
Kachiwiri, kukula kwa kulima wowonjezera kutentha kumabweretsa mwayi watsopano wa ntchito. Pamene madera amene amalima zomera zotenthetsa dziko lapansi akuchulukirachulukira, padzafunika antchito aluso owonjezereka kuti azigwira ntchito ndi kusamalira malowa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino pa chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito komanso zimathandizira pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu m'deralo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulima greenhouse kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo malonda osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta kunja. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba zaulimi, Mazandaran imatha kutulutsa mbewu zabwino kwambiri chaka chonse, zomwe zimapangitsa dzikolo kutumiza zinthu zaulimi kunja kwa nyengo. Kusiyanasiyana kwa zogulitsa kunjaku kumachepetsa kudalira ndalama zamafuta ndikulimbitsa chuma chonse.
Pomaliza, kutukuka kwa malo osungiramo malo osungiramo kutentha ndi kulima kumathandizira kuteteza chilengedwe. Popereka malo owongolera kuti mbewu zikule, ma greenhouses amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza. Izi zimathandiza kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa madzi ndi nthaka.
Kukula kwa kulima wowonjezera kutentha m'chigawo cha Mazandaran ndi gawo lofunikira pakupititsa patsogolo gawo laulimi. Poganizira za kuchulukitsa zokolola, kuchita bwino, ndi kasamalidwe ka madzi, chitukukochi chimathetsa vuto la madzi, chimapanga mwayi wa ntchito, chimalimbikitsa kutumiza kunja kwa mafuta osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta, ndikuthandizira kuteteza chilengedwe. Kudzipereka kwa chigawochi pakukula kwa greenhouse kukuwonetsa kudzipereka kwake pazaulimi wokhazikika komanso kukula kwachuma.