#GreenhouseSustainability #ReclaimedWaterFertilizer #ClosedLoopIrrigation #AgriculturalInnovation
Pofunafuna ulimi wokhazikika, alimi a greenhouses amakumana ndi vuto lalikulu lokulitsa njira zawo zolima mbewu. Mfundo imodzi yofunika kwambiri ndi kusakhazikika bwino pakati pa chilengedwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka feteleza osungunuka m'madzi. Kuphatikizika koyenera kwa feteleza oyenera ndi kuthira madzi kosasintha n'kofunika kuti mbewu zamphamvu ndi zathanzi zitheke. Chofunikira ichi chimagwira ntchito pamitundu yonse ya mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa mkati mwa greenhouse.
Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pa ulimi wamakono wamaluwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru madzi amthirira. Kutha kwa madzi opanda mchere, limodzi ndi kusinthika kwa malamulo a madzi aulimi, kwakakamiza alimi a greenhouses kuti apeze njira zothetsera mavuto. Njira imodzi yotere yomwe ikudziwika bwino ndiyo kutengera madzi amthirira omwe abwezeretsedwanso. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kulanda ndi kubwezeretsanso madzi othamanga ochuluka ndi michere m'kati mwa njira yolima yomweyi, kupanga zomwe zimadziwika kuti njira yotseka.
Madzi amthirira obwezeretsedwa amakhala ndi zabwino komanso zovuta. Kumbali yabwino, kukonzanso madzi otuluka kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kumwa madzi opanda mchere, kumachepetsa kupsinjika kwa magwero amadzi am'deralo. Komabe, madzi obwezeretsedwawo amabweretsanso ndi zakudya zomwe zidachotsedwa ku gawo lapansi lomwe likukula, komanso zotsalira za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso ma agrochemicals otsalira. Pakapita nthawi, zigawozi zimatha kudziunjikira mosagwirizana, zomwe zimakhudza kupezeka kwa ayoni ofunikira kuti mbewu zikule.
Komanso, kupezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi obwezeretsedwa kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu. Njerezi zimatha kufalikira mwachangu kuchokera ku chomera kupita ku china, ndikuyika thanzi la mbewu yonse pachiwopsezo. Kuonjezera apo, kutengera njira ndi machitidwe olima, ma agrochemicals osiyanasiyana amatha kulowa m'madzi othamangitsidwanso. Izi zimabweretsa zovuta zina pazochitikazo.
Kusintha kwa madzi amthirira obwezeretsedwa kumafuna kulingalira mozama pazifukwa izi. Zotsatira zomwe zingatheke pokhazikitsa dongosolo loterolo ndizochuluka. Kumbali yabwino, imapereka njira yokhazikika yogwiritsira ntchito madzi, mogwirizana ndi zolinga zotetezera chilengedwe. Zitha kupangitsa kuchepa kwa kudalira madzi opanda mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chosangalatsa kumadera omwe akukumana ndi kusowa kwa madzi.
Komabe, zovutazo siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Kusamalira moyenera kuchuluka kwa michere kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe kusamvana komwe kungalepheretse kukula kwa mbewu ndi zokolola. Kuonjezera apo, kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa njira zokhwima zopewera matenda. Pofuna kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha mbewu komanso momwe ntchito yolima ikuyendera, kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse ndikusintha njira yothirira yobwezeretsedwa ndikofunikira.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa madzi amthirira obwezeretsedwa pamodzi ndi feteleza osungunuka m'madzi kumayimira sitepe yofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale kulima kosatha kwa wowonjezera kutentha. Njira iyi imatha kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa madzi am'madzi ndikugwirizanitsa ndi machitidwe ochezeka ndi zachilengedwe. Komabe, pamafunika kuwongolera mosamala kuti athane ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusalinganika kwa michere, kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kupezeka kwa mankhwala agrochemicals. Mwa kusamala bwino, alimi a greenhouses angapeze mapindu a ulimi wosamala zachilengedwe.