Pali mapeto abwino a chakudya chogwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyana ndi kutenga malo m'malo otayiramo nthaka ndikuthandizira kutentha kwa dziko.
Mabakiteriya opindulitsa adakula m'makina a citrus omwe amathiridwa ndi zinyalala zofufumitsa. Asayansi a UC Riverside apeza kuti zinyalala zazakudya zimatha kulimbikitsa mabakiteriya omwe amachulukitsa kukula kwa mbewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zisawonongeke ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuchepetsa mpweya wochokera ku ulimi.
"Tizilombo zopindulitsa zidawonjezeka kwambiri titawonjezera zinyalala zachakudya kuzinthu zokulitsira mbewu," adatero Deborah Pagliaccia, wasayansi ya UCR, yemwe adatsogolera kafukufukuyu. "Mabakiteriya abwinowa akachuluka, amapanga mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi metabolites omwe amathandiza zomera kukula bwino komanso mofulumira."
Popeza kuti zomera zoyesererazi zidakulitsidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, zopindulitsa za zinyalala zidasungidwa mkati mwa madzi otsekedwa. Mizu ya zomera inalandira mlingo watsopano wa mankhwala nthawi iliyonse yomwe inathiriridwa.
Kuzungulira kokhazikika
"Iyi ndi imodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu za kafukufukuyu," adatero Pagliaccia. "Kuti tipange mkombero wokhazikika pomwe timasunga madzi powabwezeretsanso m'mikhalidwe yothirira yotsekedwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuwonjezera chinthu chochokera ku zinyalala zomwe zimathandiza mbewu pakuthirira kulikonse."
Zotsatira izi zidafotokozedwa posachedwa mu pepala lofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. Kuwonongeka kwa zakudya kumayambitsa vuto lalikulu padziko lapansi. Ku US kokha, pafupifupi 50% yazakudya zonse zimatayidwa. Zambiri mwa zinyalalazi sizidzabwezeredwa, koma m'malo mwake, zimatenga zoposa 20% ya voliyumu yaku America yakutayirako.
Kuwonongeka kumeneku sikumayimira kuwonongeka kwachuma kokha, koma kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa madzi opanda mchere omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa zomwe zingathe kudyetsa mamiliyoni a anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa omwe akulimbana ndi chitetezo cha chakudya.
Njira zina zowonongera zakudya
Pofuna kuthana ndi mavutowa, gulu lofufuza la UCR lidayang'ana njira zina zowonongera chakudya. Adawunikanso zotsalira za zinyalala zamitundu iwiri zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta ku Southern California: phala la mowa - wopangidwa kuchokera ku mowa - ndi zinyalala zosakanizika zazakudya zomwe zimatayidwa ndi golosale.
Mitundu yonse iwiri ya zinyalala idavunditsidwa ndi River Road Research kenako ndikuwonjezera ku ulimi wothirira kuthirira mbewu za citrus mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mkati mwa maola a 24, chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya opindulitsa chinali madongosolo awiri kapena atatu a kukula kwake kuposa zomera zomwe sizinalandire chithandizo, ndipo izi zinkapitirira nthawi iliyonse ochita kafukufuku anawonjezera mankhwala.
Katswiri wazachilengedwe wa UCR Samantha Ying ndi gulu lake ndiye adaphunzira zamphamvu za kaboni ndi michere kuphatikiza nayitrogeni m'nthaka ya mbewu zomwe zidabzalidwa. Kuwunikaku kunawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kaboni m'madzi amthirira pambuyo pothiridwa ndi zinyalala, kutsatiridwa ndi kuchepa kwakukulu, kutanthauza kuti mabakiteriya opindulitsa adagwiritsa ntchito mpweya womwe ulipo kuti ubwereze.
Pagliaccia adalongosola kuti zomwe zapezazi zimakhudza kukula kwa mabakiteriya komanso mbewu zomwe. "Ngati zinthu zotayidwa zitha kusintha kuchuluka kwa carbon ndi nayitrogeni muzomera, titha kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi kuti tikwaniritse bwino njira zopangira," adatero.
Palibe Salmonella
Chinthu chinanso chodziwika bwino ndichakuti phala la mowa kapena zotayira zakudya zosakanikirana zomwe zidapezeka kuti zili ndi Salmonella kapena mabakiteriya ena oyambitsa matenda, kutanthauza kuti sangabweretse zinthu zovulaza ku mbewu.
"Pali kufunikira kokhazikitsa njira zatsopano zaulimi," atero katswiri wazomera za UCR komanso wolemba nawo maphunziro a Georgios Vidalakis. "Malalanje aku California, makamaka, akukumana ndi zovuta zakale monga matenda a bakiteriya a Huanglongbing komanso kupezeka kwa madzi ochepa," adatero Georgios Vidalakis, katswiri wa matenda a UCR.
Zotsatira za pepalali zikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiriyi yazakudya zotayidwa m'zaulimi ndikopindulitsa ndipo kumatha kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera mankhwala opangidwa ndi alimi - nthawi zina kuchotseratu kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zotere. Mbewu zikanatha kukhala zotsika mtengo.
Zipolopolo byproducts
Pagliaccia ndi Ying nawonso posachedwapa adalandira thandizo ku dipatimenti ya Chakudya ndi Ulimi ku California kuti achite zoyeserera zofananira pogwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo za amondi zochokera ku Corigin Solutions kukulitsa mbewu. Ntchitoyi imathandizidwanso ndi ndalama zochokera ku California Citrus Nursery Board, Corigin Solutions, ndi California Agriculture and Food Enterprise.
"Kupanga mgwirizano wofufuza kafukufuku wamagulu osiyanasiyana ndikumanga mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi mabungwe a boma kungathandize kuthetsa mavuto omwe akukumana nawo padziko lonse lapansi," anatero UCR wolemba nawo Norman Ellstrand, pulofesa wodziwika bwino wa genetics.
Makampani akamathandiza alimi kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotayidwa pazaulimi, zimathandiza kuti anthu azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zachilengedwe.
"Tiyenera kusintha kuchoka ku chuma chathu cha 'take-make-consume-dispose' kupita ku chuma chozungulira chomwe timagwiritsa ntchito china chake ndikupeza cholinga chatsopano. Njira imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti titeteze dziko lathu kuti lisawonongeke nthawi zonse ndi kuopseza kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, "adatero Pagliaccia. "Iyi ndiye nkhani ya polojekitiyi."
Kuti mudziwe zambiri:
Yunivesite ya California Riverside
www.ucr.edu / chitetezo-mbewu /