Tizilombo towononga zaulimi timachita bwino chifukwa cha jini yomwe idabedwa kuchokera ku chomera chake zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo. Zomwe anapeza, zomwe zanenedwa lero mu Cell1, ndi chitsanzo choyamba chodziwika cha kusamutsidwa kwa jini kuchokera ku chomera kupita ku tizilombo. Limafotokozanso chifukwa chimodzi chomwe ntchentche yotchedwa whitefly Bemisia tabaci imakhala yaluso kwambiri pakudya mbewu: jini yomwe imasuntha kuchokera ku zomera imathandiza kuti asawononge poizoni amene zomera zina zimatulutsa kuti ziteteze ku tizilombo.
Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kuletsa jini kungapangitse kuti ntchentche zoyera ziwonongeke ndi poizoni, zomwe zimapereka njira yothanirana ndi tizilombo. Andrew Gloss, yemwe amachita kafukufuku pa yunivesite ya Chicago ku Illinois, ananena kuti: “Izi zikusonyeza mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito mamba kuti tigwirizane ndi zomera. "Ndi chitsanzo chodabwitsa cha momwe kuphunzira za chisinthiko kumathandizira njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito ngati kuteteza mbewu."
Ntchentche zotchedwa whitefly - zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kusiyana ndi ntchentche - zimasokoneza zaulimi padziko lonse lapansi. Bemisia tabaci ndi imodzi mwa tizirombo towononga zomera: ntchentche zoyera zimadya shuga kuchokera kumitundu yambirimbiri ya zomera, ndipo panthawi yonseyi zimatulutsa chinthu chomata, chotsekemera chotchedwa honeydew chomwe chimakhala ngati malo oberekera nkhungu. Whiteflies ndi ma vectors opitilira ma virus 100 a zomera.
Majini obedwa
N'zosadabwitsa kuti mitundu ina ya ntchentche zoyera ikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yolusa ku majini a zamoyo zina, chifukwa kuba kwa majini kumakhala kofala pa mpikisano wa zida pakati pa zomera ndi tizilombo towononga. Kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, zomera ndi tizilombo tinabwereka kwambiri kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nthawi zina timagwiritsa ntchito majini awo omwe angopeza kumene kuti apange njira zodzitetezera kapena zokhumudwitsa.
Tizilombo tina, monga khofi berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei), tabera ma gene kuti tipeze zakudya zambiri kuchokera ku makoma a cell osagayidwa, ndipo wachibale wakuthengo wa tirigu walanda jini yolimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. vuto la mutu 2. Koma zomera ndi tizilombo sizinali kudziwika kuti zimaberana kale.
Werengani nkhani yonse pa www.nature.com.