Njuchi zimatha kukhala zodzidalira panja, koma kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi ntchito yawo yotulutsa mungu m'malo obiriwira, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zosowa zawo komanso momwe mungawakwaniritsire.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80, njuchi inadziwika kuti inali yabwino kwambiri pollinator wa tomato wobiriwira. Kuyambira pamenepo, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi nthawi zonse popanga tomato wowonjezera kutentha.
Chinsinsi cha kupambana kwawo ndi njira yawo yodulira mungu "buzz".
Tomato ali ndi timadontho ta mungu tobisika mkati mwa duwa. Tizilombo tambiri timalephera kufika pa stamens izi, zomwe zimayambitsa kusakula bwino kwa zipatso ndi zokolola zazing'ono.
Komano, njuchi zimatha kugwedeza maluwawa kuti atulutse mungu womwe umagwira mwamphamvu ndi stamen. Ngakhale mtundu uwu wa pollination umachulukitsa zokolola zonse, olima greenhouse nthawi zina amaiwala kuti njuchi zimafunikiranso chisamaliro. Iwo sangakhoze kuikidwa, ndiye aiwalika.
Nazi zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zofunika kuzidziwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito ming'oma ya bumblebee mu wowonjezera kutentha kwanu.
Madzi a shuga
Pansi pa mng'oma uliwonse mudzapeza thumba la madzi a shuga. Izi zimagwira ntchito ngati gwero la timadzi tokoma ndipo ndizofunikira kwa mbewu monga tomato zomwe sizitulutsa timadzi tokoma.
Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa timadzi tokoma kuchokera ku mbewu, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi madzi a shuga nthawi zonse, kaya ndi thumba la madzi a shuga pansi pa mng'oma, kapena ngati latha, m'matumba owonjezera omwe amaikidwa pamwamba pa ming'oma.
Njuchi zikasowa madzi a shuga, zimatha kukhala zaukali, zoluma komanso kumenyana ndi ming'oma ina kuti ibe madzi a shuga. Ngati mulibe timadzi tokoma tokwanira mkati, njuchi zimachoka ku wowonjezera kutentha kuti zipeze pamene mpweya uyamba kutseguka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mungu ukhale wochepa.
mungu
Nthawi zambiri, mbewu za phwetekere zathanzi zimapereka mungu wochulukirapo kuti mng'oma ukule bwino, pokhapokha ngati ming'oma yochulukirapo sinayambike.
Mungu umapereka mafuta ndi mapuloteni. Kuchuluka kwa ming'oma ndi/kapena mungu wochuluka kwambiri ukhoza kupangitsa kuti mungu wa mbeu ukhale wosakwanira ndi kuchititsa njala ya ming'oma. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizira kuoneka kwamaluwa akuda kwambiri, osweka ndi zochitika zankhanza za njuchi. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yomwe ming'oma imayembekezeka kukhala ndi moyo, ndikuwonjezera mtengo wolowetsa mungu.
Ndi bwino kuyesa ndi kusunga mungu wapakati kapena kuluma kanayi kapena kasanu pa duwa lililonse. Ngati palibe maluwa okwanira kapena osakwanira, ming'oma imafunika kudyetsedwa mungu wochepa tsiku lililonse, pafupifupi kotala la supuni.
Kuwonekera kwa Mankhwala Ophera tizilombo
Mu pollination wowonjezera kutentha, zotsatira zambiri za mankhwala ophera tizilombo zimachokera ku neonicotinoids, makamaka imidacloprid (Intercept). Ngakhale milingo yotsika kwambiri, monga kuchiritsa kwa zomera pakufalitsa kapena kuipitsidwa mu njira zobwerezabwereza, kungayambitse zotsatira zoyipa zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kwa miyezi ingapo. Ndikwabwino kutsatira malingaliro azinthu ndikufufuza zotsatirapo zake, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalembedwa ndi opanga ma bumblebee odziwika bwino.
Kuwala Kopanga
Kuunikira kopanga kumadziwika kuti kumapangitsa kuti pakhale malo ovuta kwambiri a pollination. Izi zili choncho chifukwa njuchi zimasokonezeka ndi kuwala kosakwanira kwachilengedwe, makamaka m'miyezi yozizira. Kuunikira kopanga kumathandiziranso kukula kwa mng'oma, kuthamangitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mng'oma poyerekeza ndi nyumba yosayatsa.
Polowetsa ming'oma m'malo obiriwira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kochita kupanga, ming'omayo iyenera kuyikidwa nthawi yotsegula ndi kutseka tsiku ndi tsiku pa ndondomeko inayake. Ayenera kutseguka dzuwa likafika pakhoma la wowonjezera kutentha, komanso maola awiri dzuwa lisanalowe. Mwanjira imeneyi, njuchi zimadya chakudya ndi kuwala kokwanira. Pafupifupi, ming'oma yakum'mawa kwa Canada iyenera kukhala yotseguka pakati pa 10am ndi 3pm, kupatsa njuchi nthawi yokwanira yobwerera kunyumba dzuwa lisanalowe.
Zotsegulira zokha zilipo ndipo zimatha kulumikizidwa mosavuta ndi machitidwe owongolera zachilengedwe, m'malo mwa ntchito yotsegula ndi kutseka ming'oma tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuyika Mng'oma & Kuchotsa
Nawa malangizo ochepa ofunikira pakuyika ming'oma mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha.
Choyamba, ndi bwino nthawi zonse kuyang'anizana ndi mng'oma zitseko kutali wina ndi mzake, kotero njuchi musati kutengeka. Kukankhidwa kwa njuchi kumapangitsa njuchi zogwira ntchito kuchoka ku mng'oma wina kupita kumng'oma wina, zomwe pamapeto pake zimachititsa kuti ana ndi njala ndipo mng'oma ukhale wopanda ntchito.
Kachiwiri, pomanga ming'oma pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake ndikofunika kuyika ming'oma yatsopano kwambiri pansi pa muluwo. Izi zipangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta pamene ming'oma ikufunika kuchotsedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Chachitatu, ming'oma iyenera kuyikidwa pamalo osavuta kupita kunjira yapakati pa wowonjezera kutentha kuti awonekere, chifukwa uwu ndiye msewu wawo.
Kuonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa njuchi zathanzi, kuchotsa ming'oma ndikofunikira kwambiri pazifukwa zambiri. Ming'oma yakale imatha kuba madzi a shuga mumng'oma watsopano. Angathenso kuonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, omwe amatha kufalikira kuchokera kumagulu kupita kumagulu. Komanso, zimadziwika kuti zimakhetsa njuchi zantchito kuchokera muming'oma yatsopano, chifukwa njuchi zimakopeka ndi magulu akuluakulu.
Ma Air Conditions
Kutentha kwa mpweya kungayambitsenso vuto la pollination.
Kutentha kokwera (monga chilimwe, kupitirira 30 ° C) kungapangitse njuchi kusiya kufunafuna mungu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakupiza ana. Apa ndi pamene njuchi zantchito zimagwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo kutulutsa mpweya mumng'oma, kuti mphutsi zizizizira chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi (kupitirira 85% RH) kumapangitsa kuti mungu ukhale womamatira ndi kumamatira ku stameni. Alimi ambiri amakonda kuwonjezera ming'oma kuti athe kubwezera mpweya woipa, komabe izi zimangowonjezera vutoli, makamaka pamene kutentha ndi chinyezi zibwerera mwakale ndipo pamakhala ming'oma yambiri yomwe imapikisana pa maluwa omwewo.
Samalirani njuchi
M'zaka 30 zapitazi, taphunzira kufunikira kwa njuchi ku nyumba zobiriwira komanso momwe tingakulitsire mng'oma uliwonse, kulemekeza zoteteza mungu izi.
Pamapeto pa tsiku, zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzizi ziyenera kukhala kumbuyo kwa malingaliro anu mukamagwiritsa ntchito ming'oma ya bumblebee mu wowonjezera kutentha. Chilichonse chidzakhudza njuchi m'njira inayake, zomwe zidzakhudze pollination, ndipo pamapeto pake, chomaliza.
Melissa Hargreaves ndi mlangizi wamkati waukadaulo komanso wogwirizira media ku Koppert Canada.