The wowonjezera kutentha kumapangitsa kukolola mosasamala kanthu za nyengo. Ndipo kulenga zinthu mulingo woyenera kwambiri mbewu iliyonse, m`pofunika kuganizira nyengo, zikuchokera zinthu zomwe wowonjezera kutentha amapangidwa, dera la wowonjezera kutentha. Ndipo potengera zomwe mwapeza, sankhani mtundu wa kutentha. M'nkhaniyi, tipenda njira zonse zotenthetsera, ubwino ndi kuipa kwake.
Mitundu ya kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha
Kutentha kwadzuwa ndiye njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Kutentha kumachitika mwachibadwa ndipo kutentha kumatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono, zotsatirazi zimatheka chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha, njirayi imadalira mwachindunji nyengo ndi nyengo, kotero kusintha kwa kutentha sikungatheke.
Wowonjezera kutentha wotere, pamenepa wowonjezera kutentha, ayenera kupangidwa ndi polycarbonate, popeza zinthu zoterezi zimapereka zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina. Njira ina ingakhale galasi yomwe imatumiza kupitirira 95% ya kuwala. Zoyipa za njirayi ndikufunika kopanga arched kapangidwe, komanso mosamalitsa kutsata wowonjezera kutentha motsatira olamulira kuchokera kummawa kupita kumadzulo.
Chodabwitsa cha njira yachilengedwe ndikuti biofuel imayikidwa pansi pa nthaka yachonde, yomwe imatenthetsa dziko lapansi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe, kutentha kumatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira pang'ono ndi kuthirira kumafunika. Monga biofuel, manyowa a akavalo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, omwe amatha kutentha mpaka madigiri 70 m'masiku 7 ndipo amatha kusunga kutentha kwa miyezi ingapo. Ngati kutentha kwamphamvu sikukufunika, manyowa amathiridwa ndi udzu. Njira zopanda mphamvu ndizo kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi, khungwa lamitengo ndi kutaya zakudya.
Kutentha kwa gasi kumakhala ndi mphamvu komanso kuphweka kwa dongosolo, ndipo mpweya umatentha mofulumira komanso mofanana, kuthekera kopanga izo kuchokera ku zigawo za fakitale - izi ndizinthu zabwino kwambiri. Komabe, zidzakhala zofunikira, pamodzi ndi kuwerengera kolondola, kukonzekera zojambula ndi phukusi la zilolezo. Ndizosatheka kukhazikitsa pulojekitiyi popanda chilolezo cha mabungwe aboma olembetsa, ndipo kusintha kulikonse kumaphatikizapo ndalama zatsopano. Ngati malo anu ali ndi gasified kwathunthu, ndiye kuti simuyenera kukhala ndi mavuto ndi unsembe.
Kutenthetsa wowonjezera kutentha, amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira mpweya kapena zoyatsira, zomwe zimagawidwa mofanana kuzungulira chipinda chotenthetsera. Ngati wowonjezera kutentha ali wamng'ono, ndiye kuti masilindala a gasi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero la kutentha, pamene m'madera akuluakulu otentha, padzakhala koyenera kugwirizanitsa pakati pa wowonjezera kutentha ku dongosolo lalikulu la gasification. Kutentha kwa gasi kuli ndi zovuta zingapo: choyamba, gasi wachilengedwe ndi wophulika komanso wowopsa. Kachiwiri, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mu wowonjezera kutentha, chinyezi chochulukirapo chimawonekera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide kumawonjezeka kangapo. Kwa kutentha kwamtunduwu, mpweya wabwino umafunikanso, womwe umafunikanso kuwerengera kwina, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, mpweya wabwino umataya mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa.
Kutentha kwamagetsi ndikothandiza kwambiri ndipo sikufuna ndalama zambiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri, njira yabwino yogwirira ntchito ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito magwero a kutentha kwa infrared, omwe samawononga mphamvu pakuwotcha mpweya, kuusamutsira mwachindunji kunthaka ndi zomera. Komabe, njira yotereyi ili ndi vuto laukadaulo: sizingatheke kuchita zonse moyenera popanda kuthandizidwa ndi oyika oyenerera. Koma mukhoza kusinthasintha kutentha m'madera osiyanasiyana a chipindacho, ndikupanga zinthu zokongola kwambiri pagulu lililonse la mbewu.
Kutentha kwamadzi ndi koyenera ku greenhouses zazikulu, ndipo kumakupatsani mwayi wopereka kutentha kunthaka komanso kumlengalenga. Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira zingapo: kukhazikitsa boiler yosiyana kapena kulumikiza dongosolo lanyumba. Nthawi ina, dera losiyana limapangidwa kuti lizimitse ndikukhetsa madzi. Ngati dongosolo lapadera likuyikidwa, ndiye kuti chowotchacho chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa poganizira za mafuta omwe alipo komanso opindulitsa.
Mitundu ya gasi ndiyo yabwino kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo, imakulolani kuti musunge kutentha komwe mukufuna. Zinthu zoyaka zimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chimney coaxial. Mitundu yamafuta olimba imatha kukhala ndi zosintha zosiyanasiyana. Komanso njira yachuma, koma palibe kuthekera kodzipangira zokha komanso kuwunika kosalekeza kumafunika. Mitundu yamagetsi yomwe imasunga kutentha kozungulira koloko imakhala ndi zizindikiro zapamwamba zodzipangira. Iwo ali yaying'ono mu kukula, otetezeka ndi chete, koma mtengo wa magetsi ndi wokwera. Kuphatikiza pa boiler yokhayo, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mapaipi ndi ma radiator ogwirizana nawo. Chofunikanso ndi matanki okulitsa, ma chimney ndi mapampu ozungulira. Ndibwino kuti mupange maulendo awiri otentha, osati amodzi. Mzere umodzi ukumangidwa mobisa, wopangidwa ndi mapaipi apulasitiki omwe amasuntha madzi ndi kutentha pafupifupi +30 madigiri. Mipope yotereyi iyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi mizu.
Njira yosavuta komanso ya bajeti yosungira kutentha komwe kumafunikira mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kukhalapo kwa "pansi pofunda", komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa nthaka. Dothi lotenthetsera dothi mu wowonjezera kutentha limakhala lopanda ndalama zonse pakuyika komanso poyambira. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuwongolera kutentha ndikugawa bwino kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Mapangidwe ake ndi osavuta. Dongosolo lodziwika kwambiri ndi mphasa yotenthetsera yopanda madzi. Kuti mupange "pansi pa kutentha" mu wowonjezera kutentha, dothi lofikira masentimita 40 limachotsedwa, ndipo mchenga wosefa kale umatsanuliridwa pansi pamphuno ndi wosanjikiza wa 5-10 cm. Kenako, chotenthetsera (polystyrene thovu, chithovu cha polyethylene, ndi zina zotero) chimayikidwa popuma. Timasankha zipangizo zosagwirizana ndi chinyezi. Wotsatira wosanjikiza wayala madzi zakuthupi. Mchenga umatsanulidwa pamwamba ndi wosanjikiza wa 5 cm. Chilichonse chimathiridwa ndi madzi ndi rammed. Waya wa "pansi ofunda" amayikidwa ndi njoka pamchenga wosakanikirana ndi sitepe ya 15 cm. Dongosolo lotenthetsera lomalizidwa limakutidwanso ndi mchenga wa 5-10 cm, pomwe mauna olumikizira unyolo amayikidwa. Kenako, "chitumbuwa" chimakutidwa ndi dothi lochotsedwa kale.
Njira ina yodziwika bwino komanso yotsika mtengo yowotchera ndi chitofu, kapena chitofu champhika, chomwe chimatha kusunga kutentha kwa 18-24 ° C kwa nthawi yayitali.
Monga tanenera kale, njira yowotchera iyi ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta. Mtengo wamafuta a chitofu cha potbelly ndi wocheperako, ndipo kuyika kwake kumatha kuchitika paokha, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi akatswiri. Komanso, mukayatsa nkhuni, utuchi, zonyamula katundu kapena nsanza, pambuyo pake amapeza feteleza wabwino kwambiri wodyetsa nthaka - phulusa. Komabe, choyipa chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito chitofu mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikuti mpweya sutenthetsa mofanana: kumatentha kwambiri pafupi ndi chitofu ndipo zomera zomwe zabzalidwa m'derali zidzafa chifukwa cha kutentha kolakwika. Musaiwale kuti chitofu cha potbelly ndichopanga chowopsa, chifukwa chake chimafunikira kutsatira malamulo achitetezo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino ya chitofu cha potbelly, ndikofunikira kuponyera mafuta nthawi zonse, mwa kuyankhula kwina, kukhala mu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi zonse.
Kodi kusankha mtundu wa Kutentha?
Mosasamala kanthu zomwe mwasankha kutenthetsa nyumbayo ndi nkhuni kapena magetsi, choyamba muyenera kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumafunikira. Kuonjezera apo, muyenera kukhala ndi deta yotsika kwambiri kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa dera lanu, komanso kuthamanga kwa mphepo pa tsikulo. Chidziwitso ichi chingapezeke muyeso yotchedwa "Construction climatology ndi geophysics". Chowerengera chowerengera kuchuluka kwa wowonjezera kutentha chimapezeka paukonde. Ndikoyenera kulingalira zenizeni za zinthu zomwe ma greenhouses amapangidwira kusankha kwapamwamba kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, kutentha filimu greenhouses, mwachitsanzo, kumafuna kutentha kwambiri kuposa kutentha greenhouses zopangidwa polycarbonate, zinthu zomwe palokha ndi wabwino kutentha insulator. M'pofunika kuganizira mbali za dongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, ena a iwo, chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwawo, sali oyenera ku greenhouses zazing'ono. Machitidwe ena amafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa akatswiri ndi kasinthidwe. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pokhudzana ndi kutentha kwa mafakitale owonjezera kutentha, kumene matekinoloje apamwamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga mapampu otentha, kutentha kwa infrared ndi zina. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mufunsane ndi akatswiri pazinthu zonse. Kulakwitsa kulikonse pang'ono kungayambitse zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni - kukolola kosauka komanso kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa zomera.