Honeydew ndi njira ya shuga yopangidwa ndi mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo, makamaka amene amadya mwa kulowetsa ma proboscis awo m'mitsempha ya phloem ya zomera. Zombozi zimanyamula shuga wosungunuka ndi zakudya zina pachomera chonsecho, ndipo tizilombo toyamwa timagwiritsira ntchito kamwa zawo ngati spike kuti tipeze kutuluka kwa zinthu zabwino. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti tizilombo tikalowa mumadzimadzi ndikuyamba kuyamwa, kuthamanga kwa phloem kumapangitsa kuti madontho a uchi atuluke kuthako la tizilombo. Ndi gwero lamtengo wapatali la chakudya cha tizilombo tina, kuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyerere.
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala a njuchi amaphunzira kuchokera ku kadyedwe kake kwa nyerere ndi zamoyo zina zomwe zimadya, chikhalidwe cha zigawo zosasunthika (kapena zonunkhiza) sizinafufuzidwe. N'zotheka kuti fungo lochokera ku njuchi limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tizilombo kuti tizilankhulana, makamaka panthawi yobereka. Kafukufuku watsopano, wofalitsidwa mu Frontiers in Insect Science, tsopano wasonyeza kuti njuchi zopangidwa ndi nyali zowoneka bwino zimatulutsa mamolekyu ambiri opangidwa ndi mpweya omwe amakopa anthu ena amtunduwu, ndipo mwina amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa khalidwe la tizilombo.
Ntchentche zamawanga (Lycorma delicatula) sali ochokera ku US, koma adayambitsidwa mosadziwa kuchokera ku China, komwe ndi kwawo. Munthu woyamba adalembedwa ku Pennsylvania mu September 2014. Mwatsoka, zamoyozi zimakhala zowonongeka ndipo zimadyetsa mitundu yambiri ya zipatso, zokongoletsa ndi mitengo. Anthu amatha kufalikira mtunda wautali mothandizidwa ndi anthu omwe amasamutsa zinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa kapena zinthu zomwe zili ndi mazira. Ndikofunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tipewedwe tisanafalikire kwambiri, kapena tingawononge kwambiri mafakitale a mphesa, minda ya zipatso, ndi mitengo yodula mitengo.
"Kafukufukuyu ndi wofunikira chifukwa choyamba chowongolera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikumvetsetsa biology ndi machitidwe awo," adatero Dr. Miriam Cooperband ya United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine Division (USDA APHIS PPQ) ku US kupanga zida zothanirana ndi tizilombo tochepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kufalikira. ”
Zikuwoneka kuti ntchentche zamawanga zili ndi khalidwe limodzi lachilendo lomwe lingakhale pachiwopsezo. Sikuti amangosiya madontho awo a uchi ali m'munsi mwa mitengo m'malo awo, komanso amapanga magulu ambiri pamitengo yamitengo. Kumeneko, amatulutsa mame ochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti pamwamba pa thunthu la mtengowo pamakhala poyera ndi kuchita thovu, ndi kuyamba kununkhiza ngati chipatso chotupitsa. Ntchentche zambirimbiri zimasonkhana pamalowa ndikuwonjezerapo madziwo, pamene mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yoyandikana nayo imasiyidwa popanda kukhudzidwa.
Cooperband ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ankadabwa ngati mame omwe amatulutsidwa mu unyinji wochulukirawu mwina ali ndi ma semiochemicals, ma pheromone omwe amapereka chizindikiro kwa ntchentche zina ndikusintha machitidwe awo. M'kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu ofufuzawo adayikapo tinyezi tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tambiri tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta thunthu la mtengo. Maguluwa posakhalitsa anapanga magulu akuluakulu a nyali zaulere pamitengo yamtengo, zomwe zimasonyeza ochita kafukufuku kuti ma pheromones analidi nawo pa kukopa nyali wina ndi mzake.
Kuti mudziwe ngati njuchi ili ndi zigawo zilizonse zomwe zingakhudze khalidwe la lanternfly, ofufuzawo anasonkhanitsa zitsanzo za uchi mosiyana ndi nyali zamphongo ndi zazikazi m'munda, kuti ayese mu labu. Anapeza ma semiochemicals ambiri omwe alipo, kuphatikiza ma ketoni anayi, ma esters asanu ndi limodzi, ndi ma alcohols atatu, onse omwe analipo amuna ndi akazi koma mosiyanasiyana. Mitundu iwiri inachitika mowirikiza ka 1.5 mwa amuna kuposa ma njuchi achikazi, pomwe mitundu ina isanu idapezedwa mochulukira mwa akazi kuposa momwe zimatulutsira njuchi zachimuna.
Kenako ofufuzawo adafufuza momwe njuchi zimakhudzira khalidwe la ntchentche za nyali popatsa nyali zaukapolo kusankha kusamukira kumadera omwe ali kapena opanda mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya uchi. Zotsatira zawo zinasonyeza kuti ntchentche zazimuna zinkakopeka kwambiri ndi njuchi zazimuna, pamene zonse zazimuna ndi zazikazi zinkakopeka pang’ono ndi mame aakazi. Ngakhale sizikudziwikiratu chomwe chingayambitse khalidweli, izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe tizilomboto timachitira m'munda.
Gululo lidapitilizabe kudziwa kuti ndi zigawo ziti za uchi zomwe zidatulutsa zizindikiro zamphamvu kwambiri. Mamolekyu asanu adayesedwa kuti akopeke ndipo adapezeka kuti ali ndi mbiri yeniyeni yokopa kugonana. Mamolekyu awiri otchedwa benzyl acetate ndi 2-octanone anakopa amuna ndi akazi, molekyu imodzi yotchedwa 2-heptanone inakopa amuna okha, molekyu imodzi, 2-nonanone, inakopa akazi okha, ndipo molekyu imodzi, 1-nonanol, inathamangitsa akazi koma osati amuna. Mitundu isanu yonseyi imagwiranso ntchito ngati ma pheromones pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo, kuphatikiza njuchi ndi nsikidzi.
Zotsatirazi ndi njira zoyambira zopezera kumvetsetsa bwino za momwe, zotheka, kuthetsera tizilombo towononga. Olembawo akuwonetsa kuti zomwe apeza zingathandize kupanga njira zopanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo, monga kupanga nyambo za semiochemical kuti zizindikire kukhalapo kwa nyali, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ngati zida zotchera misala. Pali mafunso enanso ambiri oti ayankhe, monga ngati pali kusiyana kwa nyengo mu khalidweli, komanso ngati pali kugwirizana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu njuchi zomwe zimapanga mankhwala ofunikira.
“Kulankhulana ndi ntchentche zooneka ngati nyali ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo izi ndi nsonga chabe. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito yathu yophunzira zizindikiro zamakina, monga zomwe zili mu njuchi, timakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi gawo la kugwedezeka kwa gawo lapansi mu machitidwe awo olankhulana, "anatero Cooperband. "Kafukufuku wamtsogolo atha kuyang'ana pakumvetsetsa momwe amapezerana wina ndi mnzake akasonkhana ndikupeza okwatirana pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo yazizindikiro."
Tiyerekezere Chithunzi cha EarthSnap, pulogalamu yaulere yobweretsedwa kwa inu ndi Eric Ralls ndi Earth.com.