#Irrigationmanagement #waterconservation #energyefficiency #distributionuniformity #overheadirrigation #dripsystems #pumppressure #nozzleselection #systemmaintenance
Monga mlimi, agronomist, mainjiniya waulimi, kapena mwini famu, mumadziwa kufunikira kwa ulimi wothirira bwino pakukula ndi zokolola. Mbali imodzi yofunikira pakusamalira ulimi wothirira ndikukwaniritsa ntchito yofanana, yomwe imatanthawuza kugawanika kwa madzi m'munda wonse kapena malo okulirapo. Kusafanana bwino kungayambitse kuthirira mopitirira muyeso kapena pansi, zomwe zingasokoneze kukula kwa mbewu ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi mphamvu.
Njira zothirira m'mwamba zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zifanane, koma ngakhale madontho amayenera kufufuzidwa. Makina opangira ma boom, mabenchi, mabenchi osefukira, ndi pansi atchuka kwambiri chifukwa amapereka mawonekedwe ofanana. Kufanana kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo monga kusankha nozzle, katalikirana ndi kutalika, kuthamanga kwa madzi, kukula kwa mapaipi, ndi kukonza dongosolo.
Njira imodzi yoyezera kufanana kwa ntchito yothirira ndi kudzera mu Distribution Uniformity (DU), yomwe imawonetsedwa ngati peresenti. Mayeso a DU amapereka chithunzithunzi cha momwe madzi akugwiritsidwira ntchito ndipo angathandize kuzindikira madera omwe angapangidwe.
Pamakina apamwamba, kuyezetsa kwa DU kumaphatikizapo kuyika zitini 16 kapena kupitilira apo zowongoka m'mbali molingana molingana ndi gawo loyimira mbewu. Pambuyo poyendetsa dongosolo mpaka mutakhala ndi madzi osachepera inchi m'zitini, madzi a kapu iliyonse amatsanuliridwa mu silinda yomaliza maphunziro kapena beaker, ndipo ndalamazo zimalembedwa. DU imawerengeredwa pogawa pafupifupi zitini zotsika kwambiri ndi avareji ya zitini zonse ndikuchulukitsa ndi 100. Chiwerengero cha DU choposa 90% ndi chabwino, 80-90% ndi chabwino, 70-80% ndichabwino, komanso chocheperako. kuposa 70% ndi osauka.
Kwa makina odontha, kuyesa kwa DU kumaphatikizapo kuyesa zomwe zatuluka kuchokera ku ma emitter angapo. Kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi wopanga, zotulutsa zimatha kukhala ndi zotulutsa kuchokera ½ mpaka 16 galoni / ola. Malo atatu kapena anayi a zitsanzo ayenera kusankhidwa pamzere uliwonse wam'mbali m'chigawocho, chimodzi pafupi ndi mapeto onse, ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri mofanana pakati. Pambuyo poyendetsa makina kwa mphindi imodzi, zotuluka kuchokera ku emitter iliyonse zimajambulidwa, ndipo DU imawerengedwa pogawa zotulutsa zotsika kwambiri 25% za otulutsa ndi mulingo wapakati pa onse otulutsa ndikuchulukitsa ndi 100.
Ngati kuvotera kwa DU kuli koyenera kapena koyipa, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa ndikuyang'ana zosefera/zowonera, ma nozzles kapena zotulutsa zomwe zimakhala zotsika kwambiri. Kuyang'ana kuthamanga kwa pampu ndi zoyezera zam'mizere motsutsana ndi kukakamizika koyambira ndi kumapeto kwa mizere yakumbuyo kungathandizenso kuzindikira kutayikira, mapaipi ang'onoang'ono operekera magetsi, kapena ma nozzles/emitters ambiri.
Kupititsa patsogolo ulimi wothirira kungapangitse madzi kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu ndi mphamvu, komanso kukula kwa mbeu ndi zokolola. Poyesa nthawi zonse ndikusamalira njira yanu yothirira, mutha kuzindikira madera omwe mungawongolere ndikusintha kuti muwongolere njira zanu zothirira.