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M'nyengo yozizira, kuwala kwachilengedwe kukakhala kosowa, alimi a nkhaka amakumana ndi zovuta kuti akhalebe ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kuti mbewu zikule bwino. Nkhaniyi ikuwulula mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kasamalidwe ka nkhaka zowonjezera kutentha m'nyengo yachisanu, pofotokoza zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga kuwala, kuwongolera kutentha, kasamalidwe ka ulimi wothirira, ndi zina zambiri. Potengera zomwe zachitika posachedwa pamakampani, pezani njira zatsopano zomwe alimi, akatswiri azaulimi, ndi mainjiniya aulimi angatsatire kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zokolola m'nyengo yozizira ndikupeza zokolola zambiri za nkhaka.
Kusamalira Mbewu Zobiriwira M'nyengo yozizira: Kuthetsa Mavuto
Kulima nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira mu greenhouses kumapereka mavuto apadera, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuwala. Kumvetsetsa mphamvu ya kuwala, momwe zimakhudzira kukula kwa nkhaka, ndi kugwirizana kwake ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe ndizofunikira kuti zisamalidwe bwino.
Kukulitsa Maziko Olimba: The Vegetative Focus
Kuti muthe kubzala nkhaka zolimba, kubzala mbande zamasiku 25 mpaka 30 ndikofunikira. Kutsindika gawo la vegetative poyambirira kumathandiza kumanga zomera zolimba, kupewa zinthu monga tsinde zopyapyala ndi masamba ofooka. Kulinganiza kukula m'matumba akukula ndikofunikira kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino.
Kuwongolera Kutentha kwa Ntchito Yowonjezera
Kusunga kutentha moyenera ndikofunikira. Kwa mbewu za nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa mpweya wa maola 24 kuyenera kukhala kochepera 21.5 ° C masiku amdima kufika pa 23.5 ° C masiku adzuwa. Kusintha kwabwino kwa kutentha pambuyo pa zipatso zoyamba kumathandizira kuti tsinde likhale lopambana.
Kasamalidwe ka CO2 kwa Mbewu za Zima
Kusunga mulingo woyenera wa CO2 wa 800 ppm ndikofunikira pakupanga photosynthesis, makamaka m'mbewu zanyengo yozizira zomwe zimakhala ndi kuwala kochepa. Chenjezo likulangizidwa kuti musapitirire 1000 ppm, ndipo alimi ayenera kukhala tcheru ndi zinthu zomwe zingawononge mpweya wa flue CO2 m'nyengo yozizira.
Njira Zothirira ndi Kudyetsa Zakudya
Kusamalira bwino ulimi wothirira ndi chakudya ndikofunikira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Kusamalira moyenera ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kukula kwa masamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe apamwamba a Electrical Conductivity (EC), pafupifupi 3.0, ndikuwunika zinthu, makamaka chitsulo, kumawonetsetsa kuti mbewu zikule bwino.
Malingaliro a Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD).
Kusunga nyengo yotentha ndikofunikira, makamaka mu Januwale ndi February. Kutsata VPD pakati pa atatu mpaka asanu ndi awiri magalamu/m3 a mpweya kumatsimikizira kuti mpweya umagwira ntchito. Zosintha, kuphatikiza kutentha kwa chitoliro ndi ming'alu ya mpweya wabwino, zimathandizira kukhathamiritsa milingo ya VPD, kupewa kukhazikika kwa zomera.
Kupititsa patsogolo Kuwala kwa Mbewu za Nkhaka
Kuwala koyambira pa 50 mpaka 150 joules/cm2 koyambirira kobzala ndikofunikira. Zosintha panyengo ya mitambo yotalikirapo zimathandizira kukula kosalekeza. Kupanga manambala a masamba ndi zipatso potengera njira za ulimi, monga "ambulera" kapena waya wapamwamba, kumapangitsa kuti zomera zikhale bwino komanso zobereka.
Kusamalira bwino mbewu za nkhaka m'nyengo yozizira mu greenhouses kumafuna njira yosamala. Mwa kuphatikiza zidziwitso zaposachedwa kwambiri zamakampani ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zowongolera kuwala, kuwongolera kutentha, kuwongolera CO2, ndi njira zothirira, alimi amatha kukulitsa zokolola ndikupeza zokolola za nkhaka ngakhale m'miyezi yozizira kwambiri.