Pokhala ndi maboma angapo padziko lonse lapansi akutsata malamulo oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni paulimi, kodi alimi angasinthe bwanji ngati boma la Australia litachitanso chimodzimodzi?
Mfundo zazikulu:
- Kupanga feteleza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumapangitsa kuti gawo lopitilira theka la mpweya wowonjezera kutentha wa mbewu ya tirigu padziko lonse lapansi likhalepo
- Kutulutsa kwa nitrous oxide kumachokera ku kusinthika kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni monga urea
- Kutentha kumatha kuchepetsedwa poyang'anira, koma nayitrogeni wopangidwa ndizovuta kusintha m'machitidwe obzala
Mkulu wofufuza kafukufuku wa Birchip Cropping Group James Murray adati njira yodziwikiratu yochepetsera mpweya wochokera ku feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndikugwiritsa ntchito mocheperapo.
"Ndikuganiza kuti mwachibadwa njira yomwe mungakonde ndiyo kulima mbewu za nyemba zambiri mu kasinthasintha, chifukwa tikamalima nyemba sitifunikira kuthira nayitrogeni kuti tikwaniritse kupanga," adatero.
Koma si zophweka monga choncho, chifukwa pali mpweya wowonjezera kutentha monga nitrous oxide wokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziputu za nyemba.
Polima mbewu zambiri, kupanga feteleza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zidapanga 58 peresenti ya mpweya wotenthetsa wa mbewu ku Australia pazaka zisanu zapitazi, malinga ndi dipatimenti yaulimi.
Mwa izi, 31 peresenti idachitika pafamu, gawo lalikulu lomwe lidabwera chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni, pomwe nitrous oxide imatulutsidwa mumlengalenga.
Nitrous oxide ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe umakhala wamphamvu kuwirikiza nthawi 300 kuposa mpweya woipa.
Kupatula kulima mbewu zambiri za nitrogen kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza, a Murray akuti pali zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuti mbewuyo isasunthike, zomwe zimachitika nitrogen ikathiridwa pambewu ndipo mvula ikagwa mvula ikadzagwa ikaphwanyidwa.
"Pali zinthu zingapo pamsika - imodzi ndi inhibitor ya urease, yomwe imachepetsa chiwopsezo cha kusokonekera pochepetsa kutulutsako mukamagwiritsa ntchito ngati simukupeza mvula yotsatila mwachangu," adatero.
“Inanso ndi zokutira za polima, zomwe zimachepetsa kutulutsa kwa nayitrogeni kwambiri.
"Koma vuto lomwe ali nalo ndilakuti sizotsika mtengo kugwiritsa ntchito, popeza urease inhibitor imagulitsa pafupifupi $50 tonne pamwamba pa mtengo wa urea, ndiye zimatsegula funso la momwe mtengo umagwirira ntchito paulimi. ndondomeko.”
A Murray adati kaya alimi amagwiritsa ntchito urease inhibitor kapena ayi, pali phindu lalikulu pakuyika nayitrogeni moyenera ndikuchepetsa kusinthasintha.
"Timalankhula pang'ono za ma Rs anayi - kotero kuchuluka koyenera, chinthu choyenera, gwero loyenera komanso nthawi yoyenera, zomwe kumapeto kwa tsiku zidzakhala ndi phindu lalikulu pakupanga, komanso ngati tikuchepetsa mpweya wathu wowonjezera kutentha. footprint nthawi yomweyo, ndiyo bonasi,” adatero.
Maiko kuphatikizapo New Zealand, Canada ndi Netherlands akutsata malire pakugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kuti achepetse mpweya, zomwe a Murray akuti ndizofunikira kwa alimi kuno.
"Pali malingaliro okhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa msika komanso zomwe zingachitike m'tsogolo momwe zinthu zidzagwiritsire ntchito," adatero.
"Ndikuganiza kuti pali mwayi waukulu kuti makampani aku Australia azitha kutsogola pamasewerawa, kaya ndi mwayi wopeza msika kapena zomwe angafune kuchita.
“Pofuna kuwongolera momwe timagwiritsira ntchito zokolola zathu, phindu lalikulu ndikukhala pansi pakukula kwa mbewu.”
Njira zina ndi ziti?
Alimi ena akuyesa njira zina m'malo mwa fetereza wopangidwa pansi pa maambulera ambiri a "ulimi wokonzanso".
Ena mwa iwo ndi Luke Batters, yemwe amalima ndi banja lake pafupi ndi St Arnaud kumadzulo kwa Victoria.
"Ntchito yathu nthawi zambiri imakhala yopangira zinthu ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwathu feteleza ndi mankhwala kwakula kwambiri," adatero.
"Ndidagwira ntchito zaulimi kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo nditabwerera ku famuyo ndidakhala ndi malingaliro osiyana kotero tikuyesa zinthu zingapo zosiyana siyana zokhudzana ndi zopangira, malingana ndi momwe mpweya wa carbon ndi biological and chemistry umathandizira. ndondomeko.”
A Batters akuyesa njira zina monga kompositi, manyowa, udzu wa m'nyanja ndi vermicast, zomwe ndi zosakaniza za zinthu, kuphatikizapo kuponya mphutsi.
"Sipanapatsidwe mpaka nditayamba kuchita ntchito yoyesererayi pomwe ndidazindikira kuti tidali odalira nayitrogeni monga chopangira," adatero.
Mavuto ndi chiyani?
A Batters adati ngakhale akuganiza kuti mayesero ake anali athanzi, akusowa kwambiri nayitrogeni ndipo sanathe kupanga zoperewera ndi njira zina zomwe adagwiritsa ntchito.
"Ndinapita kozizira kwambiri ndipo ndinasiya kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopangidwa ndipo zakhala zovuta kwambiri, kusiyana pakati pa feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso wopanda feteleza wopangidwa ndikudalira njira zina," adatero.
"Zinthu izi zigwira ntchito m'dongosolo la biology ikangonyamuka, koma chifukwa sayansi yathu yatha, sichinayambenso."
A Batters adati sanapeze zotsatira zomwe amayembekezera koma alimbikira.
"Ngati pali malamulo mtsogolo okhudza zomwe tingathe ndi zomwe sitingathe kuchita ndipo tilibe njira ina tidzakhala osakhazikika," adatero.