Anyezi (Allium cepa) ndi mbewu yomwe imalimidwa kwambiri ndipo ndi yofunika kwambiri pazakudya zambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zaposachedwa kwambiri pa kalimidwe ka anyezi, kuphatikizapo mitundu, zofunikira za nthaka, kubzala, kasamalidwe ka tizirombo, ndi matenda, ndi kukolola.
Anyezi ndi mbewu yamtengo wapatali kwa alimi, makamaka omwe ali pamsika wa zokolola zatsopano. Malinga ndi bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), mu 105.5, anyezi amatulutsa matani 2020 miliyoni, pomwe dziko la India ndilomwe limapanga kwambiri. Opanga ena ofunikira ndi China, United States, Turkey, ndi Iran.
Mitundu: Kulima anyezi kumadalira kwambiri mitundu yake. Mitundu ina yotchuka ya anyezi ndi Red Onion, Yellow Onion, White Onion, Sweet Anyezi, ndi Spring Anyezi. Ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yoyenera pakukula kwanu.
Zofunikira pa nthaka: Anyezi amakonda dothi lothira madzi bwino lomwe lili ndi zinthu zambiri zamoyo. pH ya 6.0 mpaka 6.5 ndi yabwino kulima anyezi. Musanabzale, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyesa nthaka kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa michere ya nthaka ndikusintha moyenera.
Kubzala: Anyezi amatha kubzalidwa kuchokera ku njere, seti, kapena kuziikamo. Nthawi yoyenera kubzala anyezi imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mitundu, nyengo komanso malo. Nthawi zambiri, kubzala kuyenera kuchitidwa pamene kutentha kwa nthaka kuli pamwamba pa 10°C.
Kasamalidwe ka Tizirombo ndi Matenda: Mbewu za anyezi zimakhala pachiwopsezo ku tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana monga thrips, mphutsi za anyezi, downy mildew, ndi purple blotch. Njira zodzitetezera monga kasinthasintha wa mbewu, ukhondo, kugwiritsa ntchito njere kapena mbande zotsimikizika zopanda matenda zingathandize kuchepetsa kufala kwa tizirombo ndi matenda.
Kukolola: Anyezi amakhala okonzeka kukolola pakadutsa masiku 100-150 kuchokera kubzala, kutengera mtundu wake. Nthawi yabwino yokolola ndi pamene nsonga zimayamba kuwuma ndikugwa. Mukatha kukolola, anyezi amayenera kuchiritsidwa kwa masabata awiri kapena atatu kuti atsimikizire kusunga bwino.
Kutsiliza: Ulimi wa anyezi ukhoza kukhala bizinesi yopindulitsa kwa alimi omwe ali ndi chidziwitso ndi kasamalidwe koyenera. Kusankha bwino mitundu, kukonza nthaka, kubzala, kusamalira tizirombo ndi matenda, ndi kukolola ndikofunikira kuti zokolola ziwonjezeke komanso zabwino.
Tags: #OnionFarming #VegetableCrops #Agriculture #Farmers #CropManagement #PestControl #DiseaseManagement #SoilHealth #Harvesting