Ofufuza a ku Cambridge awonetsa kuti zomera zimatha kulamulira chemistry ya petal pamwamba pawo kuti apange zizindikiro zowoneka bwino ndi njuchi.
Ngakhale kuti maluwa ambiri amatulutsa mitundu yooneka bwino komanso yooneka bwino kwa tizilombo tomwe timanyamula mungu, maluwa ena amakhalanso ndi tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Mizere yofananirayi imawonetsa kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a kuwala kuti apange kuwala kowoneka bwino komwe sikumawonekera nthawi zonse ndi maso a anthu, komabe kumawonekera kwa njuchi.
Pali mpikisano wochuluka wofuna chidwi chochokera kwa olima mungu ndipo—popeza kuti 35% ya mbewu zapadziko lonse lapansi zimadalira tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa mungu—kumvetsetsa mmene zomera zimapangira ma petal mapanelo omwe amasangalatsa oteteza mungu kukhala ofunikira potsogolera kafukufuku wamtsogolo ndi ndondomeko zaulimi, zamoyo zosiyanasiyana ndi kasungidwe.
Kafukufuku wotsogozedwa ndi gulu la Pulofesa Beverley Glover ku dipatimenti ya Sayansi ya Zomera ku Cambridge adawonetsa kuti pali zambiri pamapangidwe a petal kuposa momwe zimawonekera. Zotsatira zam'mbuyomu zikuwonetsa kuti makina amabowola a woonda, oteteza kudula wosanjikiza pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa titha kuyambitsa kupanga timizere tosawoneka bwino.
Mizere yopangidwa ndi theka iyi imakhala ngati ma diffraction grating omwe amawonetsa kutalika kosiyanasiyana kwa kuwala kuti apange mawonekedwe ofooka a blue-halo mu mawonekedwe a blue-UV omwe ma bumblebees amatha kuwona. Komabe, chifukwa chake mizerayo imangopangika m’maluŵa enaake kapenanso m’mbali zina za pamakhala sizinamveke.
Edwige Moyroud, yemwe adayambitsa kafukufukuyu mu labotale ya Pulofesa Glover ndipo tsopano akutsogolera gulu lake lofufuza ku Sainbury Laboratory, wapanga hibiscus yaku Australia, Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum), ngati mtundu watsopano wamitundu yoyesera kumvetsetsa momwe ndi liti. nanostructures izi zikukula.
"Chitsanzo chathu choyambirira chinaneneratu kuti kuchuluka kwa maselo amakula komanso kuchuluka kwa ma cuticle omwe maselowo amapanga ndizo zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayendetsa mapangidwe a miyeso," adatero Dr. ntchito yoyesera ku Venice mallow tidapeza kuti mapangidwe awo amadaliranso kwambiri chemistry ya cuticle, zomwe zimakhudza momwe cuticle imayankhira mphamvu zomwe zimayambitsa kugundana.
"Funso lotsatira lomwe tikufuna kulifufuza ndi momwe ma chemistry osiyanasiyana angasinthire mawonekedwe a cuticle, ngati zida zomangira nanostructure. N'kutheka kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala imachititsa kuti kapangidwe kake kosiyanasiyana kamangidwe kake kapena kolimba kosiyanasiyana, motero njira zosiyanasiyana zochitira ndi mphamvu ya maselo akamakula.
Pulojekitiyi idawulula kuti pali njira zophatikizira zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi ndikulola kuti mbewu zizipanga mawonekedwe awo. Dr. Moyroud anawonjezera kuti, "Zomera ndi akatswiri opangira mankhwala ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa momwe zimasinthiratu kaphatikizidwe kake kuti apange mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana pamitengo yawo. Mapangidwe opangidwa pamlingo wocheperako amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kulumikizana ndi oteteza mungu mpaka chitetezo ku tizilombo tomwe timadya udzu kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. "
"Ndizitsanzo zochititsa chidwi za kusiyanasiyana kwachisinthiko ndipo pophatikiza zoyeserera ndi ma computational modeling tayamba kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mbewu zingapangire."
Zomwe zapezazo zidzasindikizidwa mu Biology Yamakono.
"Zidziwitso izi ndizothandizanso pazamoyo zosiyanasiyana komanso ntchito yoteteza chifukwa zimathandiza kufotokoza mmene zomera zimagwirizanirana ndi chilengedwe,” anatero Pulofesa Glover, yemwenso ndi mkulu wa pa yunivesite ya Cambridge Botanic Garden, m’mene ofufuzawo anaona koyamba maluwa a maluwa a Venice mallow.
"Mwachitsanzo, zamoyo zomwe zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri koma zomwe zimamera m'madera osiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya petal. Kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake ma petal patter amasiyanasiyana komanso momwe izi zingakhudzire ubale pakati pa zomera ndi tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa mungu kungathandize kudziwitsa bwino ndondomeko za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka chilengedwe ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe. "
Kufufuza zomwe zimayendetsa 3D petal patterning
Ofufuzawo adatsata njira zofufuzira. Poyamba adawona kukula kwa petal ndipo adawona kuti mawonekedwe a cuticle amawonekera ma cell akatalika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukula ndikofunikira. Kenako adatsimikiza ngati kuyeza magawo okhudzana ndi kukula, monga kukula kwa maselo ndi makulidwe a cuticle, amatha kulosera mokwanira momwe amawonera, ndipo adapeza kuti sangathe. Kenako anabwerera m’mbuyo kuti aone chomwe chikusowa.
Katundu wa zinthu, kaya inorganic kapena opangidwa ndi maselo amoyo monga cuticle, mwina zimatengera chikhalidwe cha zinthu zimenezi. Poganizira izi, ochita kafukufuku adaganiza zoyang'ana chemistry ya cuticle, ndipo adapeza kuti, ndithudi, ichi ndi chinthu cholamulira. Kuti achite izi, adagwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yochokera ku chemistry kuti aunike mawonekedwe a cuticle pazigawo zenizeni za petal. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti madera a petal omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanitsa (osalala kapena osalala) amasiyananso pamapangidwe awo.
Poyerekeza ndi cuticle yosalala, adapeza kuti striated cuticle imakhala ndi dihydroxy-palmitic acid ndi phula komanso milingo yotsika ya mankhwala a phenolic. Kuti ayese ngati chemistry ya cuticle inalidi yofunikira, adachita upainiya ku Hibiscus kuti asinthe chemistry ya cuticle mwachindunji muzomera, pogwiritsa ntchito majini ofanana ndi omwe amadziwika kuti amawongolera kupanga ma molekyulu a cuticle mu chomera chosiyana, Arabidopsis.
Izi zikuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe a cuticle amatha kusinthidwa, osasintha kukula kwa maselo, ndikungosintha mawonekedwe a cuticle. Kodi cuticle chemistry ingalamulire bwanji kupukutira kwake kwa 3D? Ofufuzawo amaganiza kuti kusintha kwa cuticle chemistry zimakhudza makina a cuticle monga, ngakhale atatambasula pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera, mapepala a transgenic okhala ndi cuticle yosalala anakhalabe osalala, mosiyana ndi zomera zakutchire.