Mitundu Yosagwirizana Idzatulutsidwa Pambuyo Pachaka chino kwa Olima
Strawberry zomvetsa kuchokera fusarium wilt ingakhale chiwopsezo chochepa pambuyo poti ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya California, Davis, atatulukira majini olimbana ndi matenda akupha a m’nthaka.
Zotsatirazo, zofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepala Theoretical and Applied Genetics, ndiye chimaliziro cha ntchito ya zaka zingapo, ndipo zomwe zapezekazi zithandizira kuteteza matenda, atero a Steve Knapp, mkulu wa bungwe. Pulogalamu Yobereketsa Strawberry ku UC Davis.
"Zomwe tachita pano ndizofunikira ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pamakampani ndipo ziteteza alimi," adatero Knapp.
Strawberries ndi mbewu yofunika kwambiri ku California, komwe pafupifupi mapaundi 1.8 biliyoni a zipatso zopatsa thanzi amakula chaka chilichonse, kupanga pafupifupi 88% ya zomwe zimakololedwa ku United States.
Kupeza majini kungalepheretse a fusarium funa mliri.
"Matendawa ayamba kuwonekera pafupipafupi m'boma," atero Glenn Cole, woweta komanso woyang'anira minda ndi Strawberry Breeding Program. “Nyama ikalowa, mbewuyo imangowonongeka. Wafa ndithu.”
Kufunafuna kukana
Asayansi a UC Davis adayang'ana zomera zikwizikwi za sitiroberi mu nazale ya College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences ndipo anatenga zitsanzo za DNA. Kenako adagwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kwa majini ndikupanga zowunikira za DNA kuti adziwe majini omwe amalimbana ndi mtundu woyamba wa fusarium ndikufuna.
"Majini akhala akuyandama mu sitiroberi majeremusi kwa zaka masauzande," adatero Cole, koma palibe amene adagwira ntchito kuti awazindikire.
Kukula kwaposachedwa kumeneku kumabweretsa "sitiroberi m'zaka za zana la 21 pothana ndi vutoli," adatero Knapp.
Kuteteza mbewu zamtsogolo
Ntchitoyi ikutanthauza kuti obereketsa atha kuyambitsa jini yosamva mu mitundu yamtsogolo ya sitiroberi. M'dzinja lino, pulogalamuyo idzatulutsa mbewu zatsopano zomwe zili ndi fusarium wilt resistance jini. Ndipo zida zowunikira za DNA zithandizira obereketsa kuyankha zatsopano fusarium mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ikukula.
"Padzakhala ziwopsezo zatsopano ndipo tikufuna kukhala okonzekera," adatero Knapp. "Tikufuna kumvetsetsa momwe izi zimagwirira ntchito mu sitiroberi kuti ziwopsezo zatsopano zikayamba, titha kuthana nazo mwachangu momwe tingathere."
“Ngati mulibe fusarium kukana, mwatha, "adatero Cole. "Matendawa atha kukhalapo kuposa momwe mukuganizira."
fusarium wilt sinakhalepo vuto, koma pamene fumigant methyl bromide idachotsedwa mu 2005, zinthu zidasintha. Matendawa anali m'nthaka, ndipo popanda mpweya wowutsa mudyo, kunyala kumachuluka makamaka m'madera omwe mbewu sizinali kuzungulira.
Kuswana mitundu yatsopano
Knapp ndi Cole adziŵitsa makampani za mitundu yamakono ya sitiroberi yomwe ili ndi kukana kotero kuti athe kusankha zomera zotetezedwa. Mitundu yatsopano yosamva yomwe imatuluka kumapeto kwa chaka chino ikhala yoyenera nyengo zingapo zakukula.
"Ndizovuta kwambiri," adatero Cole. "Chilichonse chikuwonjezeka pakukula kwa mbewu, koma ndizovuta kwambiri."
Asayansi a zomera akhala akuswana sitiroberi ku UC Davis kuyambira m'ma 1930, ndipo atulutsa mitundu yopitilira 60 yokhala ndi zovomerezeka kudzera mu pulogalamu yoweta anthu.
Ntchito zonse zidachitika ku UC Davis. Dominique Pincot, Mitchell Feldmann, Mishi Vachev, Marta Bjornson, Alan Rodriguez, Randi Famula ndi Gitta Coaker ochokera ku Dipatimenti ya Plant Sciences, ndi Thomas Gordon wochokera ku Dipatimenti ya Plant Pathology anathandizira pa kafukufukuyu, monga momwe anachitira Michael Hardigan ndi Peter Henry, omwe. tsopano ali ku US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, ndi Nicholas Cobo, yemwe ali pa yunivesite ya La Frontera ku Chile.
Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi UC Davis ndi thandizo kuchokera ku USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Research Initiative.
Gwero: https://www.ucdavis.edu