Akuti 10 mpaka 15% ya kuwonongeka kwa ulimi padziko lonse lapansi kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda. Ndipo popeza 70-80% ya matenda a zomera izi amayamba chifukwa cha bowa wa filamentous, kuteteza mbewu ku mafangasi a filamentous ndi nkhani yofunika pakudyetsa bwino anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tifunika kudutsa m'maselo a epidermal a zomera ndikulowa mkati. Mwanjira ina, ma cell a epidermal a chomera amakhala ngati chotchinga choyamba kuletsa kuukira kwa bowa wapadziko lonse lapansi. Ndiye ndi ntchito zotani zoteteza maselo a epidermal?
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, zinkadziwika kuti epidermis ya zomera imakhala ndi ma chloroplasts ang'onoang'ono omwe sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi photosynthesis. Komabe, sizikudziwika kuti inali ndi ntchito yanji. Kodi nchifukwa ninji muli ma chloroplast ang’onoang’ono m’kati mwa zomera amene sathandiza kwambiri kupanga photosynthesis?
Wothandizira Pulofesa Hiroki Irieda wa Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University ndi Pulofesa Yoshitaka Takano, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, anapeza kuti ma chloroplast ang'onoang'ono omwe ali mu epidermis ya zomera amalamulira kulowa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Awiriwo adazindikira kuti ma chloroplast ang'onoang'ono amayenda mkati mwa cell modabwitsa kupita pamwamba poyankha kuukira kwa mafangasi ndipo amatenga nawo gawo pachitetezo chotere.
Mu kafukufukuyu, awiriwa adafufuza kaye kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa bowa womwe ma epidermal chloroplasts amayankha. Zotsatira zake, adapeza kuti mafangasi angapo a pathogenic filamentous amayambitsa kusamuka kwa epidermal chloroplasts. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, zinapezekanso kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timatchedwa 'nonadapted' ndipo tinatsekedwa ku maselo a epidermal. Kumbali ina, mafangasi osinthika amatha kulowa mu epidermis muzomera momwe ma epidermal chloroplasts asiya kusamukira kumtunda.
Kenako, anakwanitsa kupeza mapuloteni a zomera omwe amalowa m'madzi a epidermal chloroplasts. Chomera chomwe chimatulutsa puloteni iyi mochulukira chidapangidwa ndikuyambitsa kutengera kwa majini, ma epidermal chloroplasts sanasunthike pamtunda motsutsana ndi bowa wa pathogenic filamentous. Mu chomera ichi cha transgenic, chitetezo cha epidermal kuukira kwa pathogenic filamentous bowa chimachepetsedwa. Zinapezekanso kuti bowa wa pathogenic amatha kulowa mu epidermis muzomera momwe ma epidermal chloroplasts asiya kusamukira kumtunda. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti kusamuka kwa ma epidermal chloroplast kupita kumtunda kumakhudzidwa ndi chitetezo chomwe chimalepheretsa kuwukira kwa bowa.
Werengani nkhani yonse pa www.phys.org.