Mabizinesi owonjezera kutentha ndi mafakitale omwe amawonetsetsa chitetezo cha chakudya mdziko muno. Iwo, monga makampani ena ambiri aulimi, akhudzidwa mwanjira inayake ndi zomwe zikuchitika mu chuma cha Russia.
Makampani owonjezera kutentha akhala akupeza bwino pakukula pansi pa chilango kuyambira 2014. Panthawiyi, chifukwa cha mapulogalamu othandizira boma, pakhala pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakukula kwa malo otetezedwa m'dziko lathu. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunika kulingalira zomwe zikuchitika mu gawoli tsopano komanso momwe zikuyendera mu nthawi yamakono.
KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZONSE
Malinga ndi Greenhouses of Russia Association, gawo ili la agro-industrial complex likuyesetsa kuti lilowe m'malo mwathunthu. Malinga ndi zotsatira za 2021, mlingo wodzidalira pamasamba otetezedwa unafika 71.7%, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikukula chaka chilichonse. Zaka zisanu zapitazo, chiwerengerocho chinali chochepa kwambiri, pa dongosolo la 40-50%. Pofika 2023, mtengo uyenera kufika 81%. Chaka chatha, zinali zotheka kukolola pafupifupi matani 1.4 miliyoni a masamba ndi chosowa chamkati cha matani 2 miliyoni. Nthawi yomweyo, ogula amapatsidwa pafupifupi nkhaka zapakhomo. Tomato akuyandikiranso chizindikiro ichi: tsopano makampaniwa akuphimba zosowa ndi 60-70%.
Inde, sikuti ndi chitukuko chochuluka chokha. Gawo la wowonjezera kutentha lakula kwambiri pokhudzana ndi khalidwe la mankhwala ndi mlingo wa teknoloji, komanso kugwira ntchito ndi makasitomala. Poyamba, malonda anali ponseponse, ndiye ntchitoyo inali kuyika katundu pa maalumali, ndiyeno kupanga ma brand kuti apange mgwirizano pakati pa ogula ndi wopanga. Tsopano malo otetezedwa akudutsa mu gawo la kupanga ndi kulimbikitsa ubale wamalingaliro pakati pa wogula ndi mtundu, ndipo pali mabizinesi opitilira patsogolo pankhaniyi pamsika. The factor of the emotional motivation imakupatsani mwayi wokopa zofuna za ogula. Mwachitsanzo, m'makampani a Agroinvest ndi Agrogrib, assortment imasinthidwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi iliyonse, chifukwa chomwe malingaliro atsopano amapangidwa ndipo nkhani yosiyana imabadwa. Akatswiri a ma complexes amayandikira mosamala chitukuko cha mankhwala aliwonse m'madera a khalidwe ndi chizindikiro. Mitundu yonse ili ndi mayina omwe amapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wofunikira pakati pa ogula. Mwachitsanzo, tomato ya chitumbuwa cha San Remo adatchulidwa chifukwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi khungu lawo lakuda ndi kukoma kowutsa mudyo, amakwaniritsa bwino mbale za ku Italy ndikupatsa makasitomala kumverera kwachilimwe komanso kutentha.
ZOCHITIKA ZAKULU
Pakati pazochitika zomwe zimatsimikizira chitukuko cha gawoli, zisanu zazikuluzikulu zitha kusiyanitsa. Yoyamba ya iwo ndi kukulitsa kwa assortment mbiri ya ma hybrids omwe amatha kuwoneka pamashelefu a sitolo, yachiwiri ndikuwongolera luso la kupanga ndikukhazikitsa matekinoloje atsopano. Chifukwa chake, m'malo ena obiriwira njira zama digito ndi kasamalidwe ka ogwira ntchito m'manja zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chofunikira cha chitukukochi ndikuti alimi amasamba amalandira ntchito pazida zapaokha. Malamulo amapangidwa poganizira za chidziwitso ndi luso la ogwira ntchito, ndipo ntchito imapangidwa yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa. Amatumiza zidziwitso pazantchito zonse zomwe zamalizidwa ku control central kudzera pa QR code yomwe ili pa mbewu. Zotsatira zake, pulogalamuyi imakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuyang'anira ntchito ya wogwira ntchito aliyense pamlingo wodziwikiratu kwambiri ndikuyesa zomwe wachita, mpaka ku mbewu imodzi.
Mchitidwe wachitatu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu zapakhomo, monga kwa ogula, chizindikiro cha "Made in Russia" chakhala chitsimikizo cha khalidwe. Izi zidatheka chifukwa cha chithandizo chamakampani ndi Boma la Russian Federation. Otenga nawo gawo pamsika adagwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru ndalama zomwe boma lidawapatsa, ndipo adatha kupanga malingaliro okhulupirira a wogula kuzinthu zapakhomo. Mchitidwe wachinayi ndikuti zofunikira zonyamula zikusintha. Makampaniwa akusintha kuchoka pa bolodi wamba wamba kupita ku bolodi, zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka. Kusintha kwakukulu kunakhudzanso malemba, omwe ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya mayiko atatu omwe amapanga utoto, zomatira ndi mapepala. Ku Russia, zinthuzi sizipezeka zonse, ndipo penti ya penti ikutha, ndipo zoperekera sizinakhazikitsidwe. Pachifukwa ichi, makampani akuyang'ana kusindikiza pafilimu - chidziwitso chaukadaulo chikhoza kuwonetsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Zingawoneke ngati yankho lili pamtunda, koma m'mbuyomu kukhazikitsidwa kwake kunali kokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa chizindikiro chaukadaulo wamba. Njira iyi ili ndi zabwino zina: chinthucho chidzawoneka bwino, ndipo kuyika kwake sikuvulaza chilengedwe.
Njira yachisanu ndiyo kupanga matekinoloje atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ya Agroinvest idayamba kupereka zinthu m'mapaketi a doy-pack, chifukwa chomwe ogula amatha kugula zokhwasula-khwasula zathanzi. Iyi si njira yabwino yogulitsira malonda, komanso kutsata ndondomekoyi: tsopano pali kuyang'ana pa chikhalidwe cha moyo wathanzi ndi zokhwasula-khwasula pakuyenda. Ndikukula kwa malo ogulitsa tomato, omwe tsopano akuperekedwa osati mu dipatimenti ya zamasamba, komanso mu tchizi, zokometsera ndi malo otuluka, zomwe zimalola kukopa ogula ambiri kuti adye.
Kukula kwamakampani owonjezera kutentha ku Russia.png
ZOVUTA KUGONJETSA
M'madera ena, makampaniwa akadali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi abwenzi akunja, kupitiriza ntchito yomwe yakhala yokayikitsa chifukwa cha chilango. Komabe, tinganene kuti mavutowa ndi otheratu. Tsopano omwe akuchita nawo msika amakana kupereka zida za Dutch, Spanish ndi Italy ndikulabadira ku Asia. Ku Russia, pali angapo ogulitsa zida zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa greenhouses. Pakali pano palibe mpikisano pakati pawo. Komanso, amathandizirana wina ndi mnzake, amagula limodzi zofunika. Makampani otere adzikonzekeretsa okha ku zida za Russia ndi China, zomwe ndi njira ina yopangira zinthu zaku Europe.
Kwenikweni, mabizinesi owonjezera kutentha amagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zakusankhidwa kwa Dutch, ndipo mpaka posachedwa, malo otseguka adakhalabe malo akulu a obereketsa apakhomo. Ngakhale kuti kupanga malo athu obereketsa ndi ntchito yayitali komanso yofuna ndalama zambiri, zinthu zikusintha pang'onopang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ya Gavrish ikugwira ntchito bwino mumsika wowonjezera kutentha, popeza idapanga malo akuluakulu oswana ku Krasnodar Territory, ndipo ikupitirizabe kukula motsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika. Nyumba yogulitsa "Moe Leto" imagwiranso ntchito pazosankha zapakhomo ndipo ikugwira ntchito mwachangu ndi ma hybrids. Tsopano kampaniyo ili ndi mzere wa nkhaka zokhala ndi zipatso zapakatikati, tomato wodyera ndi chitumbuwa cha tomato, zomwe zikuwonekera bwino popanga.
Makampani owonjezera kutentha ndi amodzi mwa amphamvu kwambiri m'dziko lathu komanso ofunikira kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha chakudya. Pachifukwa ichi, osati eni mabizinesi okha, komanso boma likufuna kuthetsa mavuto ake. N'zotheka kukwaniritsa zolinga za kulowetsa m'malo ndi kupikisana bwino ndi opanga akunja popanga mankhwala apamwamba. Masiku ano, ntchito yofunika kwambiri yamakampani ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chinthu chabwino, chatsopano chili pa alumali ndikukwaniritsa zosowa zonse za ogula.
ZOCHITIKA ZINTHU ZINTHU ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KUSINTHA KWA NTCHITO YA GREENHOUSE INDUSTRY KU RUSSIA:
KUKULITSA KUSINTHA KWA ZINTHU ZOSAVUTA M'MASTOLO,
KUSINTHA KWA NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSIRA NDI KUYAMBIRA NTCHITO ZATSOPANO,
KUKULUKA KWA KUFUNIKA KWA NTCHITO ZA NTCHITO,
KUSINTHA KWA ZOFUNIKA KWAKUTENGA,
KUPANGA NJIRA ZATSOPANO POGWIRITSA NTCHITO.