(Reuters) - Otsatsa malonda ankakonda kunyalanyaza mayendedwe a Amin Jadavji kuti agule ukadaulo wa Elevate Farms wokulirapo ndikutulutsa masamba obiriwira m'nyumba ndi kuwala kochita kupanga.
"Iwo anganene kuti, 'Izi ndizabwino, koma zikuwoneka ngati kuyesa kwasayansi," atero Jadavji, CEO wa Elevate ya Toronto.
Tsopano, mafamu amkati akudziyika okha ngati njira imodzi yothanirana ndi vuto la kukolola, kutumiza, ndi kugulitsa chakudya.
“Zatithandiza kusintha nkhani,” anatero Jadavji, yemwe kampani yake imayendetsa famu yoyima m’mwamba ku Ontario, ndipo ikumanga ena ku New York ndi New Zealand.
Othandizira, kuphatikizapo dipatimenti ya zaulimi ya ku United States (USDA), akuti ulimi wa m'tawuni umawonjezera chitetezo cha chakudya panthawi yomwe kukwera kwa inflation ndi kuchepa kwa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi. Zokolola zaku North America zimakhazikika ku Mexico ndi US Kumwera chakumadzulo, kuphatikiza California, komwe kumakonda kugwa moto komanso nyengo ina yoopsa.
Mavuto okhudzana ndi kusintha kwanyengo akuchulutsanso mabizinesi, kuphatikiza ndi chimphona chachikulu cha agribusiness Bayer AG, kukhala m'mafamu okhala ndi nsanjika zambiri kapena malo obiriwira obiriwira kukula kwa mabwalo a mpira 50.
Akuthandizira makampani ang'onoang'ono aku North America monga BrightFarms, AppHarvest ndi Elevate kulimbikitsa kupanga m'nyumba ndikupikisana ndi osewera okhazikika AeroFarms ndi Plenty, mothandizidwa ndi woyambitsa Amazon.com Inc Jeff Bezos.
Koma otsutsa amakayikira mtengo wa chilengedwe wa minda ya m'nyumba zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu zambiri.
Mafamu oyima amamera masamba obiriwira m'nyumba mowunjika kapena pamakoma a masamba mkati mwa nyumba zosungiramo katundu kapena zotengera zotumizira. Amadalira kuwala kochita kupanga, kuwongolera kutentha ndi machitidwe okulirapo okhala ndi dothi lochepa lomwe limaphatikizapo madzi kapena nkhungu, m'malo mwa malo akuluakulu a ulimi wachikhalidwe.
Zomera zobiriwira zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa. Zokhazikitsidwa bwino ku Asia ndi ku Europe, malo obiriwira obiriwira akukulirakulira ku North America, pogwiritsa ntchito makina akuluakulu.
Zogulitsa m'mafamu amkati padziko lonse lapansi zidakwana $394 miliyoni mu 2020, wamkulu wofufuza wa AgFunder a Louisa Burwood-Taylor adati.
Ndalama zapakati chaka chatha zidawonjezeka kawiri, popeza osewera akulu kuphatikiza BrightFarms ndi Plenty adakweza ndalama zatsopano, adatero.
Kuchulukitsa kwandalama kuli mtsogolo, pambuyo pa kusokonekera kwa chakudya - monga matenda pakati pa ogwira ntchito osamukira ku North America - adayambitsa nkhawa zakusokonekera kwa zinthu, atero a Joe Crotty, director of corporate finance ku bank bank ya KPMG, yomwe imalangiza mafamu oyimirira.
"Kupambana kwenikweni ndi zaka zitatu kapena zisanu zikubwerazi," adatero Crotty.
Zamasamba zomwe zimabzalidwa m'mafamu oyimirira kapena m'malo obiriwira akadali kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri pakupanga konse. Kugulitsa kwazakudya zaku US zomwe zabzalidwa mobisa, kuphatikiza tomato, nkhaka ndi letesi, zidakwana mapaundi 790 miliyoni mu 2019, kukwera 50% kuyambira 2014, malinga ndi USDA.
Kupanga letesi kumutu ku California kokha kunali kokulirapo kuwirikiza kanayi, pa mapaundi 2.9 biliyoni.
USDA ikufuna mamembala a komiti yatsopano yolangizira zaulimi wamatawuni kuti alimbikitse machitidwe a m'nyumba ndi zina zomwe zikubwera.
KUWERENGA ZOMERA KUMASIYA MNYUMBA
Bayer, m'modzi mwa otukula mbeu padziko lonse lapansi, akufuna kupatsa ukadaulo wazomera kuti uwonjezere ulimi wokhazikika. Mu Ogasiti, idagwirizana ndi Singapore sovereign fund Temasek kuti ipange Unfold, kampani yaku California, yokhala ndi $ 30 miliyoni mundalama zambewu.
Unfold akuti ndi kampani yoyamba yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kupanga mbewu za letesi wamkati, tomato, tsabola, sipinachi ndi nkhaka, pogwiritsa ntchito chibadwa cha mbewu ya Bayer germplasm, atero a Chief Executive a John Purcell.
Kupita patsogolo kwawo kungaphatikizepo, mwachitsanzo, mbewu zophatikizika komanso kukulitsa kuswana kwabwino, adatero Purcell.
Kuwululidwa akuyembekeza kupanga malonda ake oyamba pofika 2022, kulunjika minda yomwe ilipo, ndikuyambitsa ku Singapore ndi United Kingdom.
Malo obiriwira obiriwira akukulirakulira, zomwe zikuwonetsa zokolola zambiri kuposa ulimi wamba.
AppHarvest, yomwe imalima tomato m'malo owonjezera owonjezera maekala 60 ku Morehead, Kentucky, idasokoneza ena awiri m'boma chaka chatha. Kampaniyo ikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito malo 12 pofika 2025.
Malo ake obiriwira ali ndi mwayi wofikira 70% ya anthu aku US pakangodutsa tsiku limodzi, kuwapatsa mwayi wopitilira msika wakumwera chakumadzulo, atero a Chief Executive Jonathan Webb.
"Tikufuna kung'amba mafakitale ku California ndi Mexico ndikubweretsa kuno," adatero Webb.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi kudzafuna kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chakudya, malingaliro ovuta kunja chifukwa cha masoka afupipafupi komanso nyengo yoipa, adatero.
BrightFarms yochokera ku New York, yomwe imakhala ndi malo obiriwira anayi, imawayika pafupi ndi mizinda ikuluikulu yaku US, adatero Chief Executive Steve Platt. Kampaniyo, yomwe makasitomala ake akuphatikizapo ogulitsa Kroger ndi Walmart, akufuna kutsegula minda yake iwiri ikuluikulu chaka chino, ku North Carolina ndi Massachusetts.
Platt akuyembekeza kuti mkati mwa zaka khumi, theka la masamba onse obiriwira ku United States adzachokera m'mafamu amkati, kuchokera ku zosakwana 10% pakadali pano.
"Ndi funde lalikulu lomwe likuyenda mbali iyi chifukwa dongosolo lomwe tili nalo masiku ano silinakhazikitsidwe kuti lidyetse anthu m'dziko lonselo," adatero.
'Zopenga, ZINTHU ZOMISALA'
Koma a Stan Cox, katswiri wofufuza za osachita phindu The Land Institute, amakayikira minda yoyimirira. Amadalira ndalama zogulira golosale kuti athetse mtengo wokwera wamagetsi pakuwunikira komanso kuwongolera kutentha, adatero.
“Chifukwa chachikulu chimene tilili ndi ulimi n’chakuti tikolole kuwala kwadzuwa komwe kumafika padziko lapansi tsiku lililonse,” iye anatero. "Titha kuzipeza kwaulere."
Bruce Bugbee, pulofesa wa sayansi ya zachilengedwe ku Utah State University, waphunzira zaulimi wamlengalenga ku NASA. Koma amapeza kuti ulimi wapadziko lonse lapansi wowongoka mwamphamvu kwambiri ndi wosatheka.
"Venture capital imalowa mumitundu yonse yamisala, yopenga ndipo ichi ndi chinthu china pamndandanda."
A Bugbee akuyerekeza kuti minda yoyima imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowirikiza ka 10 kupanga chakudya ngati mafamu akunja, ngakhale kuphatikizira mafuta opangira zinthu zanthawi zonse ku California.
AeroFarms, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito famu imodzi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe kale inali mphero yazitsulo ku New Jersey, akuti kuyerekeza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi ulimi wakunja sikolunjika. Kupanga kuti zombo zakutali zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu komanso mafamu ambiri opangira kunja amagwiritsa ntchito madzi amthirira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, adatero Chief Executive Officer David Rosenberg.
Mafamu oyima amawonetsa zabwino zina zachilengedwe.
Elevate imagwiritsa ntchito njira yotseka yotsekera kuthirira mbewu zokha, kusonkhanitsa chinyezi zomwe zomera zimatulutsa ndikuzithiriranso. Dongosolo loterolo limafunikira 2% yamadzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panja la letesi lachiroma, adatero Jadavji. Kampaniyo sigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
"Ndikuganiza kuti tikuthetsa vuto," adatero.
(Zolemba za Rod Nickel ku Winnipeg, Manitoba; malipoti owonjezera a Karl Plume ku Chicago; Adasinthidwa ndi Caroline Stauffer ndi Lisa Shumaker)