Zomwe zimachitika pansi pa nthaka m'munda wa chimanga ndizosavuta kuziwona, koma mapangidwe a mizu ya chimanga amatha kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakupeza madzi ndi michere, zomwe zimakhudza kulekerera chilala, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi moyenera, komanso kukhazikika. Ngati alimi angalimbikitse mizu ya chimanga kuti ikule motsetsereka, mbewuyo ikanatha kupeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'nthaka.
Njira yoyamba yokwaniritsira cholinga chimenecho ndiyo kuphunzira za majini okhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka, yomwe imakula mizu mogwirizana ndi mphamvu yokoka. Mu kafukufuku watsopano wofalitsidwa mu Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, University of Wisconsin asayansi, mogwirizana ndi ofufuza pa yunivesite ya Illinois. dziwani jini zinayi zotere mu chimanga ndi chomera chachitsanzo Arabidopsis.
Mbeu yomwe ikumera ikatembenuzidwira kumbali yake, mizu ina imasintha mwadzidzidzi, motsetsereka kupita ku mphamvu yokoka, pamene ina imatembenuza pang'onopang'ono. Ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito njira zowonera makina kuti aone kusiyana kobisika kwa mizu ya gravitropism mu mbande masauzande ambiri ndikuphatikiza chidziwitsocho ndi chidziwitso cha majini pa mbande iliyonse. Chotsatiracho chinapanga malo omwe angakhalepo a majini a gravitropism mu genome.
Mapuwa adafikitsa ochita kafukufuku kumalo oyenera mu genome - zigawo za jini mazana angapo - koma anali kutali kwambiri kuti adziwe majini enieni a gravitropism. Mwamwayi, iwo anali ndi chida chomwe chikanawathandiza.
"Chifukwa tidayesapo kale chomera cha Arabidopsis chomwe chinali kutali kwambiri, tidatha kufananiza majini m'magawo ofunikira a genome pamitundu yonse iwiri. Mayesero otsatila adatsimikizira kuti ndi ndani jini zinayi zomwe zimasintha mizu gravitropism. Zomwe zatsopanozi zingatithandize kumvetsetsa momwe mphamvu yokoka imapangidwira mapangidwe a mizu," akutero Edgar Spalding, pulofesa ku Dipatimenti ya Botany ku yunivesite ya Wisconsin komanso wolemba wamkulu wa phunziroli.
Matt Hudson, pulofesa mu dipatimenti ya Crop Sciences ku yunivesite ya Illinois komanso wolemba nawo maphunziro, akuwonjezera kuti, "Tidayang'ana za chikhalidwe chomwe sichinafufuzidwe bwino mu chimanga chomwe chili chofunikira pazifukwa zingapo, makamaka pakusintha kwanyengo. . Ndipo tinachita zimenezo mwa kupangitsa kusiyana kwa chisinthiko pakati pa zomera kutithandiza.”
Chimanga ndi Arabidopsis, wachibale wawung'ono wa mpiru wofotokozedwa momveka bwino ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zomera, adasintha pafupifupi zaka 150 miliyoni m'mbiri ya chisinthiko. Hudson akufotokoza kuti ngakhale mitundu yonse iwiri imagawana ntchito zoyambira za zomera, majini omwe amawalamulira ayenera kuti adasokonekera mkati mwa genome pakapita nthawi. Izi zimakhala ngati chinthu chabwino chochepetsera majini wamba.
Mu mitundu yogwirizana kwambiri, majini amakonda kufola motsatira dongosolo lomwelo mu genome (mwachitsanzo, ABCDEF). Ngakhale majini omwewo atha kukhalapo m'mitundu yogwirizana kwambiri, dongosolo la majini m'dera lomwe mawonekedwe ake siligwirizana (mwachitsanzo, UGRBZ). Ofufuzawo atazindikira komwe angayang'ane mumtundu uliwonse, ma jini osagwirizana nawo adapangitsa kuti majini wamba (panthawiyi B) atuluke.
"Ndinkaganiza kuti zinali zabwino kwambiri kuti titha kuzindikira majini omwe sitikanatha kuwapeza mwanjira ina pongoyerekeza kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu yamitundu yosagwirizana," akutero Hudson. "Tidali otsimikiza kuti anali majini oyenera atatuluka, koma gulu la Spalding lidakhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu kuti lipeze zambiri zamoyo kuti zitsimikizire kuti amatenga nawo gawo pa gravitropism. Nditachita izi, ndikuganiza kuti tatsimikizira njira yonseyo kotero kuti mtsogolomu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. ”
Spalding amazindikira kuti njirayo inali yopambana makamaka chifukwa miyeso yolondola idapangidwa pamalo amodzi.
"Nthawi zambiri, ochita kafukufuku wa chimanga amayesa zomwe amakonda m'munda, pomwe ofufuza a Arabidopsis amakonda kukweza mbewu zawo m'zipinda zakukula," akutero. "Tidayeza mizu ya gravitropism phenotype m'njira yoyendetsedwa bwino. Mbewu izi zidabzalidwa pa mbale ya petri, ndipo kuyesako kudatenga maola ochepa, mosiyana ndi mikhalidwe yomwe mungayesere m'dziko lenileni lomwe lili lotseguka kumitundu yonse. ”
Ngakhale pamene mikhalidwe ingayezedwe m’malo amodzi, si mikhalidwe yonse imene imapanga njira yabwino yochitira zimenezi. Ofufuzawo akugogomezera kuti mikhalidwe yomwe ikufunsidwa iyenera kukhala yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa mbewu, kuwonetsetsa kuti majini akale omwewo amakhalapo pamitundu yosagwirizana.
"Gravitropism ikhoza kukhala yabwino kwambiri kuphunzira kudzera munjira iyi chifukwa zikadakhala zofunikira pakukhazikika kwa mphukira ndi mizu pambuyo pakuchita bwino kwa nthaka," akutero Spalding.
Hudson akuti gravitropism idzakhala yofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsa malo osiyanasiyana, nawonso.
"NASA ikufuna kulima mbewu pamapulaneti ena kapena mumlengalenga ndipo akuyenera kudziwa zomwe muyenera kuswana kuti muchite izi," akutero. "Zomera zimasokonezeka kwambiri popanda mphamvu yokoka."
Nkhaniyi, "Leveraging orthology mkati mwa chimanga ndi Arabidopsis QTL kuzindikira majini omwe amakhudza kusintha kwachilengedwe mu gravitropism," idasindikizidwa mu Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212199119]. Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi National Science Foundation.
Dipatimenti ya Crop Sciences ili ku College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences ku yunivesite ya Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
Gwero: https://www.sciencedaily.com