#GreenhouseFarming #VegetableProduction #FungalDiseases #DiseaseManagement #CropProtection #IntegratedPestManagement #AgriculturalTechnology #HumidityControl
Pamene kutentha kumasinthasintha komanso chinyezi chikukwera m'chaka, olima masamba owonjezera kutentha amakumana ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a fungal monga powdery mildew ndi downy mildew. Nkhaniyi ikupereka zidziwitso pakuzindikira ndi kupewa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi monga powdery mildew mu tsabola, sitiroberi, maungu, tomato, ndi downy mildew mu nkhaka, letesi, ndi kabichi. Njira zogwirira ntchito zoyendetsera chilengedwe cha greenhouses ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera zimakambidwa pofuna kuchepetsa kukhudzika kwa matendawa pa zokolola ndi ubwino wake.
Matenda a fungal amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu pakupanga masamba owonjezera kutentha, makamaka panthawi yakusintha kwanyengo komanso chinyezi chambiri. Zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi powdery mildew ndi downy mildew, zomwe zimatha kuwononga mbewu ngati zisiyidwa.
Powdery Mildew: Matendawa amakhudza masamba osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo tsabola, sitiroberi, maungu, ndi tomato. Wodziwika ndi kukula kwa zoyera, mawanga a ufa pamasamba, zimayambira, zipatso, ndi maluwa, powdery mildew amakula bwino m'mikhalidwe yofunda, yachinyontho komanso kusayenda bwino kwa mpweya. Kuzindikira msanga ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kufalikira, chifukwa minofu yomwe ili ndi kachilombo imawola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zokolola ziwonongeke.
Downy Mildew: Nkhaka, letesi, ndi kabichi zimagwidwa ndi downy mildew, zomwe zimawonekera ngati mawanga achikasu pamasamba. Matendawa akamakula, nkhungu zoyera zimapangika m’munsi mwa masamba, n’kukhala bulauni ndipo minofu imafa. Mosiyana ndi powdery mildew, downy mildew imakula bwino m'malo ozizira, amvula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyengo yachisanu ikhale yofala m'madera obiriwira.
Kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus kumafuna njira zowongolera mwachangu:
Kuwongolera Chinyezi: Kusunga chinyezi chokwanira m'malo obiriwira ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mafangasi. Makina a mpweya wabwino ndi mafani angathandize kusintha kayendedwe ka mpweya, kuchepetsa kuchulukana kwa chinyezi komanso chiopsezo cha matenda.
Kuyang'anira Nthawi Zonse: Kuchita kuyendera nthawi zonse kumathandizira kuzindikira matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Kuchotsa mwachangu minyewa ya zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito fungicides kungathandize kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Kugwiritsa ntchito njira za IPM, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo olembetsedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kumapereka njira yothanirana ndi matenda pomwe kumachepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.
Hee-Kyung Lee, wofufuza pa Agricultural Technology Institute, akugogomezera kufunikira koyang'anira mosamala ndi njira zodzitetezera panthawi ya kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Alangiza alimi a greenhouses kuti aziika patsogolo kasamalidwe ka chinyezi ndi kuwongolera matenda mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala olembetsedwa olembetsedwa kuti ateteze mbewu zawo ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Njira zoyendetsera bwino komanso kuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zovuta za matenda oyamba ndi fungus pakupanga masamba obiriwira. Potengera njira zopewera matenda komanso kasamalidwe ka matenda, alimi atha kuteteza mbewu zawo ndi kukulitsa zokolola ngakhale pakakhala zovuta zachilengedwe.