A FDA adadzudzula njira panyumba yotenthetsera hydroponics yolumikizidwa ndi kufalikira kwa chilimwe chatha, ndipo idapereka malangizo omwe ali ndi zotsatira pamakampani otchuka.
Saladi yosawerengeka okonda alandira zokolola za hydroponic, ali ndi chidaliro kuti letesi, arugula ndi zitsamba zomwe zimaleredwa m'nyumba m'malo obiriwira ndizotetezeka kuposa masamba omera panja pamunda.
Olima a Hydroponic lengezani zokolola zawo ngati zatsopano, zokulira pafupi ndi nyumba za makasitomala osati m'minda yakutali. Ndipo mndandanda wazinthu zakupha pazakudya zolumikizidwa ndi masamba azitsamba omera m'nthaka kuchokera ku California ndi Arizona m'zaka zaposachedwa zakulitsa kukopa kwa zokolola za hydroponic zakomweko.
Koma a nsomba kuphulika kwa chilimwe chatha komwe kudadwalitsa anthu 31 m'maboma anayi ndipo adatsatiridwa ku BrightFarms hydroponic wowonjezera kutentha ku Rochelle, Ill., Adawulula kuti ngakhale masamba omwe amamera m'malo okhala ndi denga amatha kuipitsidwa.
Ngakhale kufalikira kunali kochepa, bungwe la Food and Drug Administration lidachita kafukufuku wokhudza zomwe zimayambitsa, zomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi kafukufuku woyamba wapakhomo pa matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya chokhudzana ndi masamba obiriwira a hydroponic. Bungweli, mu kutulutsidwa kumene lipoti pa zomwe adapeza, adawonetsa kuopsa komwe kungachitike chifukwa cholephera kuonetsetsa kuti madzi oyera m'mayiwe akukula komanso kusungidwa koyenera kwa zinthu, ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo chamafamu a hydroponic ambiri. Lipoti lovuta kwambiri lidakhala chenjezo kwa makampani a hydroponics ndi chizindikiro kwa ogula kuti masamba ake satetezedwa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pofuna kuthana ndi mliriwu, BrightFarms yakhazikitsa ndondomeko yolimbitsa chitetezo cha chakudya ndi khalidwe lake, malinga ndi Steve Platt, mkulu wa kampaniyo.
Ofufuza a FDA - omwe adayendera malo a BrightFarms Julayi watha ndi Ogasiti, panthawi yomwe bungweli lidachepetsa kuyendera kwake chifukwa cha zoletsa za Covid-19 - sanapeze chomwe chikuyambitsa mliriwu. Koma kuyezetsa kwawo kunapeza umboni, m'beseni lamadzi amphepo pafupi ndi malowo, wa mtundu wa salmonella womwe udayambitsa mliriwu, komanso umboni wa mtundu wina wa salmonella m'dziwe lomwe limakulira m'nyumba, lipoti la bungweli likutero. (Matenda a Salmonellasalmonellosis, kapena salmonellosis, imafalikira anthu akamadya zakudya zomwe zili ndi ndowe za nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Mabakiteriya amawononga njira ya matumbo.)
Lipoti la FDA lidapeza zovuta ndi momwe malowa amagwirira ntchito madzi a dziwe omwe amaperekedwa ndi ma municipalities, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene masamba a masamba amalimidwa pamiyala yoyandama ya polystyrene.
Lipotilo linanenanso kuti: “Akakhala m’mayiwe amene amakula, madziwo sathiridwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena kuwathira mankhwala mwanjira zina.
Korrie Burgmeier, wolankhulira BrightFarms, adatero m'mawu kwa a Matt Lingard, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wazaulimi ndi sayansi, kuti pofuna kuteteza madzi ake kukhala opanda zowonjezera, a BrightFarms samapha madzi nthawi zonse. M'malo mwake, adati ogwira nawo ntchito amayesa madziwa pafupipafupi ndikuwongolera "ngati kuyezetsa kukuwonetsa chiopsezo."
Adzudzulanso malowa chifukwa chosunga zinthu zokulira panja m'malo mosungira m'shedi, zomwe zimasiya kuti zitha kugwa ndi ndowe za mbalame komanso kulowerera kwa nyama. Zinthu zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikhazikitse zomera komanso kupereka zakudya ku mizu.
Cholakwika china, ofufuzawo adati, chinali chakuti BrightFarms sinalembe mokwanira "kuti kuyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa zida, zida ndi nyumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kumachitika pafupipafupi malinga ndi momwe kampaniyo imagwirira ntchito."
Akatswiri ati lipoti la FDA likuwonetsa kuthekera kwamavuto mumakampani a hydroponic omwe amadziwika kuti controlled Environmental Agriculture, kapena CEA.
"Kunena zoona, lipotilo ndi sitepe yoyamba yabwino kwa aliyense ku CEA kunena kuti, 'Chabwino, tiyenera kuchita zambiri,'" anatero Martin Wiedmann, katswiri wa salmonella komanso pulofesa wa chitetezo cha chakudya ndi sayansi ya chakudya ku Cornell University's College of Cornell University. Agriculture ndi Life Sciences.
Kuyambira pakati pa Julayi, BrightFarms idayamba kukumbukira masamba a saladi m'maiko angapo aku Midwestern, malinga ndi CDC. Inalembanso kampani yopereka chithandizo chazakudya, Matrix Sciences, malinga ndi Bambo Platt, wamkulu wamkulu.
"Ndicholinga chathu kupanga ulimi wotetezeka kwambiri," adatero a Platt m'mawu olembedwa.
Kampaniyo idagawana chitsogozo kuchokera ku FDA ndi Matrix mwachinsinsi ndi atsogoleri amakampani a hydroponic, adatero a Platt.
BrightFarms, yomwe imagwira ntchito m'mafamu asanu ndi limodzi m'maboma asanu ndi limodzi, idagulidwa chaka chatha ndi Cox Enterprises. Anakonzekera kukulitsa mphamvu zake ndi maekala 200 m'zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi, ndi malo obiriwira atsopano asanu ku East Coast ndi Midwest ndi Texas, adatero Bambo Platt m'mawu ake.
Ulimi wa Hydroponic wafalikira kugombe mpaka kugombe m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Ntchito zina, monga tsamba la BrightFarms, zimasungidwa m'malo obiriwira. Zina zili padenga la nyumba, kapena zokulirapo ngati nsanja.
Lori Hilliard waku Lombard, Ill., Anali m'gulu la anthu 31 omwe adadwala chifukwa cha mliri wa BrightFarms. Odwala anali azaka zoyambira 1 mpaka 86, malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention..
Anatinso anali watsopano pazokolola za hydroponic pomwe adagula zotengera zingapo zamasamba a saladi a BrightFarms pamalo ogulitsira am'deralo June watha.
Patapita masiku angapo, anazindikira kuti chinachake sichili bwino.
“Izi zinali zowawa kwambiri m’thupi zomwe ndinayamba ndakhalapo nazo,” anatero Ms. Hilliard, dokotala wovomerezeka pagulu lalikulu lachipatala. Zizindikiro zake zinakula, ndipo anayamba kutentha thupi, kutsekula m’mimba ndi kutsegula m’mimba koipitsitsa kwambiri m’moyo wake.
Mwamuna wake anam’tengera kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa, kumene anam’peza molakwa ndi matenda a m’mimba. Kubwerera kunyumba, kutsekula m’mimba kunapitiriza, kum’pangitsa kuthamangira kuchimbudzi kaŵirikaŵiri nthaŵi 15 patsiku.
Mayi Hilliard anati: “Nthawi zingapo ndinkangoona ngati ntchito. “Ndinali kungokuwa chifukwa cha ululu.”
Dokotala wake anamupatsa zida zoyezera chimbudzi. Posakhalitsa, adalandira foni kuchokera ku Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya DuPage County, ponena kuti ali ndi poizoni wa salmonella. Atafunsidwa ngati adadya letesi wa BrightFarms, zidutswa zazithunzizo zidadumpha limodzi.
Ngakhale panopo, iye anati, iye sakumva kuchira. Adafika pamlandu ndi BrightFarms pazambiri zomwe sanathe kuwulula kutengera mgwirizano, malinga ndi loya wake, William Marler.
Sadyanso saladi kawirikawiri, adatero.
Bambo Platt atafunsidwa za mlanduwu, anati: “Tinakhumudwa kwambiri kumva kuti Mayi Hilliard anayamba kudwala. Ndipo ngakhale kuti choyambitsa chake sichinapezeke pafamu yathu, ma inshuwaransi athu anakwanitsa kuchitapo kanthu mwachifundo.”
CDC ikuyerekeza , mabakiteriya a salmonella - ochokera kuzinthu zambiri - amayambitsa matenda pafupifupi 1.35 miliyoni, zipatala za 26,500 ndi kufa kwa 420 ku United States chaka chilichonse.
Ngakhale a FDA sanapereke malamulo atsopano mpaka pano poyankha kufalikira kwa 2021, a Veronika Pfaeffle, wolankhulira, adati bungweli likudziwa za kukula kwamakampani a hydroponic ndipo lichitapo kanthu kuti liteteze thanzi la anthu.
"Zochita za CEA, monga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu hydroponic greenhouse operations, zimasiyana m'njira zofunika kwambiri kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwamunda, ndipo kusiyana kwapadera kumeneku kuyenera kuthandizidwa kuchokera kuchitetezo cha chakudya," adatero Ms. Pfaeffle.
A FDA adatenga zitsanzo za 300 za masamba, madzi ndi zinthu zina monga gawo la kafukufuku wake wa BrightFarms.
Kupeza kofunikira kunali kupezeka kwa Salmonella typhimurium - vuto lomwe lidadwala anthu a 31 - mu beseni lamadzi amkuntho pamalo omwe ali pafupi ndi malo a BrightFarms. Koma ofufuza aboma sanathe kudziwa ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa masamba obiriwirawo tidachokera m'beseni ndikulowa mu wowonjezera kutentha, kapena ngati idachoka pamalo owonjezera kutentha kupita ku beseni, malinga ndi lipotilo.
Ofufuzawo adapezanso mtundu wina wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Salmonella Liverpool, m'dziwe lokulira m'nyumba ku BrightFarms.
"Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kochepetsa magwero a kuipitsidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusunga maiwe opangira zinthu m'njira zomwe sizimapangitsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda," lipotilo likutero.
Ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya Arkansas anafufuza zolemba zakale za sayansi kuti amvetsetse kuopsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'masamba a masamba omwe amabzalidwa ndi hydroponically. Phunziro lawo, lofalitsidwa mu Horticulturae mu 2019, anamaliza kunena kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda “timalowa m’thupi mosavuta m’tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikamamwa madzi a m’thupi kudzera mumizu.”
Kristen E. Gibson, mmodzi mwa olemba maphunzirowa komanso pulofesa wothandizana nawo wa chitetezo cha chakudya ku yunivesite ya Arkansas, wakhala akugwira ntchito ndi Dipatimenti ya Ulimi ya US pa kafukufuku wa hydroponics, kufunafuna njira zomwe zingachepetse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, adatero.
Akuluakulu aboma ndi aboma omwe akufunafuna ogula a BrightFarms omwe akudwala adathandizidwa ndi kuyesa konse kwa genome, chala cha DNA chomwe chingalumikizane ndi wogula ndi poizoni wa chakudya kwa wopanga komwe kumayambitsa matendawa.
“Amakhala kunyumba; samapita kwa madokotala awo,” Bambo Brackett anatero. "Mliri uliwonse womwe mungawuzindikire, umakhala wofunikira nthawi zonse."
Gulu limodzi lomwe likulabadira lipotili ndi CEA Food Safety Coalition, yomwe idapangidwa mu 2019 ndi opanga otsogola, kuphatikiza BrightFarms, malinga ndi mkulu wake, Dr. Elisabeth Hagen, yemwe kale anali USDA pansi pa mlembi wa chitetezo cha chakudya.
Mgwirizanowu, womwe uli ndi mamembala pafupifupi 30, unatulutsa miyezo ya masamba obiriwira kumapeto kwa masika, poyang'ana zoopsa zokhudzana ndi madzi, mapangidwe apangidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, Dr. Hagen adati.
Opanga CEA atha kufunafuna chisindikizo cha certification kuti chiwonetsedwe pamapaketi awo ngati mgwirizano upeza kuti amatsatira zomwe gululo likufuna.
Ena apempha kuti ayang'anire zambiri. Sarah Sorscher, wachiwiri kwa director of regulatory Affairs ku Center for Science in the Public Interest, gulu lopanda phindu, adati Congress iyenera kupereka ndalama zambiri ku FDA kuti ifufuze mwachangu minda ya hydroponic.
Trevor Suslow, mlangizi komanso pulofesa yemwe adatuluka mu sayansi ya zomera ku yunivesite ya California, Davis, adalimbikitsa alimi a hydroponic kuti atsatire ndondomeko za bungweli, zomwe zimaphatikizapo malingaliro okhudza ukhondo woyenera komanso kuteteza madzi oyera.
"Chokanipo, 'Yakulira m'nyumba, palibe chowopsa,'" adatero. "Kumeneko sikukuwoneka kuti ndi uthenga wabwino."
Gwero: https://www.nytimes.com