Dipatimenti ya University of New Mexico's Utility Services Department ikhoza kutentha ndi kuziziritsa nyumba zake zonse ndi mphamvu ya geothermal, zomwe zimapangitsa UNM kukhala imodzi mwa mayunivesite ochepa m'dziko lonselo kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lonse la sukuluyi.
Kutembenuka kuchokera ku kutentha ndi kuziziritsa pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wachilengedwe kupita ku dongosolo lomwe limakoka kutentha kwachilengedwe kuchokera pansi ndi njira imodzi yomwe ikuganiziridwa pamene UNM ikupanga ndondomeko yatsopano yoyendetsera malo ake kupita patsogolo, adatero Mtsogoleri wa Utility Services Jeff Zumalt. Koma kukoka poyambira kumadalira kupenda mosamalitsa ndalama ndi mapindu.
"Tidayang'ana pomanga makina osinthira kutentha kwa geothermal pa Johnson Field m'mbuyomu, koma pamafunika mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri," Zumalt adauza Journal. "Ndi ntchito yayikulu yomwe ingamangidwe zaka 20 kapena 30, ndiye tikuyenera kuwonetsa momwe tigwiritsire ntchito mafuta osiyanasiyana kuti tidziwe ngati ndi ndalama."
Nyumba zingapo zaboma zimagwiritsa kale ntchito mapampu otentha apansi potenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa, kuphatikiza masukulu ena ku Albuquerque, Rio Rancho ndi Alamogordo.
Misonkho yatsopano ya boma yofika ku 30% pamitengo yogulira ndi kuyika makina a geothermal oterowo omwe ali mu Lamulo la Kuchepetsa Kutsika kwa Mtengo wachaka chatha kungapangitse kutembenuka kukhala kotsika mtengo kwambiri. Ndipo tsopano, mabilu atsopano ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ya boma atha kuwonjezera kwambiri ndalamazo ngati zivomerezedwa, zomwe zingathandize UNM ndi nyumba zina zamalonda, zamafakitale ndi zaboma ku New Mexico kusintha.
Izi zikuphatikizapo ndalama ziwiri zomwe zinayambitsidwa mu gawo la chaka chino ndi Sen. Jerry Ortiz y Pino, D-Albuquerque, kuti apereke $ 25 miliyoni mu zopereka ndi ngongole, kuphatikizapo zolimbikitsa zamisonkho, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya kafukufuku wa geothermal ndi ntchito zachitukuko kuzungulira New Mexico. Izi zikuphatikiza zonse zopangira magetsi a geothermal ndi makina otenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu oyambira pansi kuti agwire kutentha kwapansi panthaka, kapena makina omwe amalowera m'malo osungira madzi otentha apansi pa nthaka.
Bili yachitatu, SB45 - yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi Las Cruces Democrat Sen. William Soules - idzayang'ana kwambiri pa mapampu otentha omwe amachokera pansi omwe amayang'ana kutentha kwapansi panthaka ndi osinthanitsa kutentha kuti azizungulira mpweya wotentha m'nyengo yozizira ndi mpweya wozizira m'chilimwe m'nyumba zogona komanso zamalonda. SB45 ipereka mpaka 30% yopuma msonkho pamakinawa, kuphatikiza kuchotsera kwachindunji kwa ogula omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa omwe ali ndi ngongole zochepa kapena zopanda msonkho.
"Anthu opanda msonkho amatha kubweza cheke kuchokera ku boma," Soules adauza Journal. "Izi zimapangitsa kuti ngongoleyo ipezeke mosavuta pamagulu onse omwe amapeza."
Kupita patsogolo kwamakono
Ukadaulo watsopano wamakina amakono opangira magetsi a geothermal ukuyendabe ndipo zitha kutenga zaka zisanu kapena kupitilirapo kuti zichitike ku New Mexico ndi kwina.
Mosiyana ndi izi, makina amasiku ano otenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa a geothermal ali okonzeka kumsika ndipo atumizidwa kale m'malo ambiri. Koma eni nyumba, oyang'anira zomanga ndi mabizinesi amafunikira chilimbikitso chochulukirapo kuti awatengere.
"Makinawa akhoza kukhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pamene tikuchoka ku mafuta oyaka mafuta ndikupanga mphamvu zowonjezera," adatero Soules. "Tekinolojeyi yapangidwa bwino, koma idzatenga khama la maphunziro ndi zolimbikitsa kuti zipite patsogolo."
Shari Kelly, katswiri wamkulu wa geophysicist ku State Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, adatcha makina otenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa a geothermal "zipatso zotsika kwambiri."
"Pali zovuta tsopano kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu otentha apansi kutenthetsa ndi kuzizira nyumba," Kelly adauza Journal. "... Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti m'zitsime zozama za 200 mpaka 400 mapazi, kutentha kumakhalabe kosasintha pafupifupi 50 mpaka 60 madigiri Fahrenheit. M’nyengo yachilimwe, kutentha kumeneko kumakhala kozizira kwambiri kuposa mpweya wozungulira ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pozizirira, ndipo m’nyengo yachisanu, kumakhala kotentha kwambiri kuposa kotentha ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kutenthetsa.”
Kuonjezera apo, ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamalonda zakhala zikugwira bwino ntchito zosungira madzi otentha pansi pa nthaka kuti zisamayendetse malonda awo, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi machitidwe opangidwa ndi mapampu otentha apansi.
Izi zikuphatikiza AmeriCulture Inc. pafupi ndi Lordsburg yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maiwe otenthedwa ndi geothermally kukwezera zala za tilapia ndi Masson Farms ku Radium Springs - opareshoni ya maekala 20 yomwe imamera maluwa ndi mbewu ndipo tsopano ikuwerengedwa ngati nyumba yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri yotenthetsera kutentha kwa geothermally ku US.
Katswiri wopuma pantchito ku yunivesite ya New Mexico State, Jim Witcher, yemwe adachita upangiri ndi Masson Farms, adati ntchito ya Radium Springs yatsitsa mtengo wake wotenthetsera ndi 93%.
"Amapulumutsa mphamvu zambiri poyerekeza ndi gasi," Witcher adauza Journal. "Ndalama zotenthetsera za Masson Farms zitha kukhala (zowerengeka) zotsika mpaka masenti 50 pa 1,000 cubic feet za gasi wachilengedwe."
Masiku ano mitengo ya gasi wamba yatsika kuchoka pa $4 kufika pa $7 pa ma kiyubiki mapazi 1,000.
Kutumiza kwakukulu?
Kupitilira nyumba ndi ntchito zamalonda, umisiri wotsogola wakubowola - tsopano akukonzedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito kutentha kwakukulu kuchokera kumiyala yozama ya pansi pa nthaka - atha kutenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa madera onse.
Katswiri wopanga mphamvu za geothermal energy ku Canada Eavor Inc., yomwe yakhala ikuyesa ukadaulo wake watsopano kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa New Mexico, tsopano isayina mapangano ku Europe kuti itenthetse zigawo zamzinda wonse.
Nkhondo ku Ukraine, yomwe idayimitsa gasi wachilengedwe ndi mphamvu zina zochokera ku Russia, yadzetsa chidwi chochulukirapo ku Europe pazosankha zotenthetsera za Eavor, adatero Eavor Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Business Development Neil Ethier.
"Tili ndi mapulojekiti ambiri pantchito yotenthetsa m'chigawo chonse m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya ku Europe," adatero Ethier.
Gulu logwira ntchito la geothermal lomwe Sen. Ortiz y Pino adakhazikitsa chaka chatha lapeza mwayi wambiri kuzungulira boma kuti apange ntchito zambiri zamalonda pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi. Izi zitha kuphatikiza chilichonse kuchokera ku nyumba zosungiramo greenhouses ndi spas hot-spring mpaka kuyanika mbewu kwa chile ndi mtedza ndikugwiritsa ntchito miphika ya geothermal kupanga njerwa zadobe.
Kutentha kwa geothermal ndi kuziziritsa nyumba, zipatso zotsika kwambiri ndizomanga zatsopano. Ortiz y Pino akuyembekeza kuti apereke chikumbutso pamsonkhano wapano kuti alimbikitse mapulojekiti atsopano aboma kuti aphatikizire mapampu otentha apansi.
"Sitingathe kulamula, koma titha kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito makinawa pokonzekera zomanga," adatero Ortiz y Pino.
Kutumiza kwakukulu?
Kupitilira nyumba ndi ntchito zamalonda, matekinoloje apamwamba obowola - omwe tsopano akukonzedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito kutentha kwakukulu kuchokera kumiyala yozama ya pansi pa nthaka - atha kutenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa madera onse.
Katswiri wopanga mphamvu za geothermal energy ku Canada Eavor Inc., yomwe yakhala ikuyesa ukadaulo wake watsopano kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa New Mexico, tsopano isayina mapangano ku Europe kuti itenthetse zigawo zamzinda wonse.
Nkhondo ku Ukraine, yomwe idayimitsa gasi wachilengedwe ndi mphamvu zina zochokera ku Russia, yadzetsa chidwi chochulukirapo ku Europe pazosankha zotenthetsera za Eavor, adatero Eavor Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Business Development Neil Ethier.
"Tili ndi mapulojekiti ambiri pantchito yotenthetsa m'chigawo chonse m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya ku Europe," adatero Ethier.
Gulu logwira ntchito la geothermal lomwe Sen. Ortiz y Pino adakhazikitsa chaka chatha lapeza mwayi wambiri kuzungulira boma kuti apange ntchito zambiri zamalonda pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi. Izi zitha kuphatikiza chilichonse kuchokera ku nyumba zosungiramo greenhouses ndi spas hot-spring mpaka kuyanika mbewu kwa chile ndi mtedza ndikugwiritsa ntchito miphika ya geothermal kupanga njerwa zadobe.
Kutentha kwa geothermal ndi kuziziritsa nyumba, zipatso zotsika kwambiri ndizomanga zatsopano. Ortiz y Pino akuyembekeza kuti apereke chikumbutso pamsonkhano wapano kuti alimbikitse mapulojekiti atsopano aboma kuti aphatikizire mapampu otentha apansi.
"Sitingathe kulamula, koma titha kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito makinawa pokonzekera zomanga," adatero Ortiz y Pino.
Gwero: https://www.abqjournal.com