Krasnodar Krai ndi amodzi mwa madera atatu otsogola pantchito yopanga masamba otetezedwa. Komabe, gawo la gawo lotumizidwa kunja kwa greenhouse kupanga limakhalabe lokwera. Kukwera kwa mtengo wazinthu zopangira, zida zopangira zida ndi zida, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukakamizidwa kwa zilango ku Russia, zidapangitsa kuti mtengo wamasamba ukhale wokwera komanso kuchepa kwa bizinesi ya alimi a Kuban. Otenga nawo gawo pamsika amatsutsa kuti agribusiness ikufunika thandizo la boma kuti ipitilize kugwira ntchito.
Kukula kwa voliyumu ndi matekinoloje
Kukolola kwakukulu kwa masamba a malo otsekedwa a mabungwe aulimi a Krasnodar Territory, omwe sali okhudzana ndi malonda ang'onoang'ono, mu Januwale-October 2022 anali matani 88.6 zikwi. Izi ndi pafupifupi matani 3 zikwi kuposa nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Izi zidanenedwa kwa Kommersant-Kuban ku Krasnodarstat.
Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Zokonza Zachigawo, Kuban ndi amodzi mwa zigawo zitatu zotsogola pakusonkhanitsa masamba obiriwira obiriwira pamodzi ndi madera a Moscow ndi Lipetsk. M'dera la Krasnodar, kupanga masamba otetezedwa ndi nthaka yotetezedwa ndi yoposa 16 kg pa munthu aliyense pamlingo wa 12 kg. Dongosolo lopanga mu 2022 ndi matani 112.
"Kukhazikika kwachulukidwe kokhazikika kumaperekedwa ndi kukula kwa malo owonjezera kutentha komanso kuwonjezeka kwa zotulutsa pagawo lililonse la malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimatheka poyambitsa njira zamakono zolima masamba m'nthaka yotetezedwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yokolola kwambiri. . M'zaka zikubwerazi, malinga ndi maulosi a akatswiri a zamalonda, kupanga masamba owonjezera kutentha ku Kuban akhoza kukula mpaka matani 130-140 zikwi. Izi ndichifukwa cha kutsitsimutsidwa kwa ntchito zandalama zomwe cholinga chake ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zomanga nyumba zatsopano zaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, "atero a Fedor Dereka, Nduna ya Ulimi ndi Kukonza Makampani a Krasnodar Territory, akuuza Kommersant-Kuban.
M'zaka zikubwerazi, malinga ndi maulosi a akatswiri a zamalonda, kupanga masamba owonjezera kutentha ku Kuban akhoza kukula mpaka matani 130-140 zikwi.
Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi m'chigawo cha Kuban, 11 mafakitale apamwamba owonjezera kutentha ndi malo okwana mahekitala 240 akugwira ntchito ku Kuban. Iwo amawerengera 96% ya kuchuluka kwa masamba owonjezera owonjezera m'derali. Atsogoleri pakupanga masamba otetezedwa ndi Dinskoy, Belorechensky, Timashevsky, Krasnoarmeysky, zigawo za Seversky ndi Krasnodar. "Ndi apa pomwe malo akuluakulu owonjezera kutentha m'derali omwe ali ndi umisiri wapamwamba kwambiri wopanga amakhazikika. Pazida zambiri zaukadaulo zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza masamba opitilira 70 kg pa lalikulu mita, "atero atolankhani a dipatimentiyo.
Choncho, imodzi mwa malo akuluakulu owonjezera kutentha ku Russia "Green Line", yomwe ili ndi "Magnet" yogulitsa malonda, ili m'madera a Dinsky ndi Tikhoretsky a Krasnodar Territory. "Chaka chino tikuyembekeza kukolola zambiri chifukwa chakukula kwa luso lopanga - pafupifupi matani 58 a nkhaka ndi tomato zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chitumbuwa ndi tomato, zomwe timatsindika kwambiri chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa malo," adatero. atolankhani a kampaniyo akuti.
Zamasamba zobiriwira m'zaka 20 zokha zasintha kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe sizimadya nthawi zambiri kukhala gawo lazakudya za anthu aku Russia. "Kukula mwakhama kwa masamba owonjezera kutentha ku Russia kunayamba pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa embargo ya chakudya mu 2014. Izi zisanachitike, pafupifupi matani miliyoni a masamba ankatumizidwa chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku Turkey, Iran ndi mayiko ena," akutero Yulia Tulupnikova, mphunzitsi wamkulu pa maphunziro. Dipatimenti ya Economic Theory ndi World Economy ku Synergy University.
Chisamaliro chonse ku nkhaka
Zomwe zikuchitika m'zaka zaposachedwa zakhala kukukulirakulira kwa mndandanda wa mbewu zamasamba zomwe zidabzalidwa m'nthaka yotetezedwa, atolankhani a Unduna wa Zaulimi wachigawo. Ngati kale anali tomato ndi nkhaka, lero ndi tsabola, biringanya, saladi, masamba. Maperesenti a masamba obiriwira omwe amabzalidwanso asintha.
"Ngati zaka zisanu zapitazo nkhaka zinkakhala ndi 70% ya zonse zomwe zimapangidwa, lero chiwerengerochi ndi 50%. Zotsalazo zimagwera pa tomato - 48%, mbewu zobiriwira, ndi tsabola - 2%. Akatswiri amati kukula kwa phwetekere kumabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu zamasamba pamalo otsekedwa. Makamaka, kufunikira kwa tomato wapakhomo kwawonjezeka, makamaka tomato wa chitumbuwa, "atero atolankhani a dipatimentiyo.
Wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa bungwe la "Greenhouses of Russia" Andrey Medvedev akunena kuti pakali pano pali kuchulukira kwakukulu kwa msika ndi nkhaka. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti nkhaka ndi yomwe ikukula mofulumira kwambiri ndipo imapangidwanso mwamsanga. “Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi alimi onse amalima mtundu umodzi wa nkhaka. Simudzawona mitundu yosankha yazinthu kulikonse, "akutero a Medvedev. Iye adaonjeza kuti m’derali sikunachitikepo kulowetsa tomato m’derali chifukwa tomato ndi wautali, wovuta komanso wodula kulima.
“Tsamba, biringanya ndi masamba ena salabadira nkomwe. Amalonda safuna kuchedwetsa bizinesi yawo kulipira ngongole zanthawi yayitali zomwe ndizofunikira kulima mbewuzi. Zonsezi zimafuna kukondoweza, kulimbikitsidwa ndi boma, ndipo pakali pano palibe, "anatero Andrey Medvedev.
Natalia Davydenko, Mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti yolima mbewu ndi bowa ku Interagro, adanena kuti 70% ya tsabola wokoma wodyedwa ndi anthu aku Russia amatumizidwa ku IV Agricultural Forum "Zipatso ndi Zamasamba za Russia - 2022", yomwe idachitikira ku Sochi kumapeto kwa Okutobala. . Kwenikweni, tsabola wokoma amabweretsedwa, malinga ndi iye, kuchokera ku Israel, Turkey ndi China. Mayi Davydenko akutsimikiza kuti ndizotheka kusintha kuitanitsa kwa mbewuyi ndi kupanga kwake, koma chifukwa cha izi ndikofunikira kuthetsa ntchito zingapo.
Tsabola amalimidwa pamalo otseguka komanso otsekedwa, ndipo zokolola zimasiyana kwambiri. Kwa Russia, kulima chikhalidwe cha tsabola wokoma mu greenhouses ndikoyenera kwambiri. Komabe, kupanga kumakakamizidwa ndi agrotechnical (ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito komanso zokolola zochepa pakupanga wowonjezera kutentha; kusowa kwaukadaulo wamakina aulimi, makina okolola ubweya ndi mizere yopangira ndi kuyika) komanso zinthu zachuma (kusowa kwa chikhalidwe chogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse. ndi mtengo wokwera poyerekezera ndi ndiwo zamasamba),” anatero Mayi Davydenko.
Zolangidwa zimadutsa malire
Pansi pa zilango zokakamiza ku Russia, opanga akukumana ndi kukwera kwamitengo yazinthu zopangira, kufunikira koyang'ana ogulitsa atsopano ndi njira ina yopangira zida ndi zinthu zomwe zikuchoka pamsika waku Russia, komanso kufunika kosintha zinthu. masiku operekera, Yulia Tulupnikova akuti. Iye anati: “Mabizinesi ang’onoang’ono ndi mafamu ndi amene amavutika kwambiri.
Zovuta zimayamba makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja pakupanga masamba owonjezera kutentha. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi Andrey Medvedev, pafupifupi 80% ya mbewu, 60% yazinthu zoteteza zomera, 70% ya njuchi zotulutsa mungu ndi zakunja. Zigawo za zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbewu, makamaka pakuyika gasi-pistoni popangira mphamvu zamagetsi, zida zowongolera nyengo, kusanja ndi kuyika zida, zakhala zodula komanso zovuta kuzipeza.
Zomwezo zimanenedwa muutumiki wa atolankhani wa "Magnet". “Chaka chino tidavutika ndi kugula mbewu, feteleza, biosecurity ya mbewu, zida zosinthira. Timawathetsa popanga ndi kukulitsa mgwirizano ndi ogulitsa kunyumba, komanso kupanga njira zina zoperekera zinthu, "ikutero kampaniyo.
Kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wa zopangira, zipangizo zopangira, zoyendetsa zinawonjezeka kwambiri mtengo wa alimi, zomwe zinakhudza mtengo wa kupanga.
“Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha zokolola zabwino, kukwera kwamitengo yamasamba kumakhala kosawoneka. Tinene kuti tomato amawononga ndalama zofanana lero monga chaka chatha, "Yulia Tulupnikova akufotokoza. Zotsatira zake, kuchepa kwa masamba owonjezera kutentha kwatsika kwambiri mu 2022.
Masamba amafunika chithandizo
Kupanga masamba owonjezera kutentha ku Russia kukukulirakulira. "Ngati zinthu zikuyenda bwino, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa 2022 zokolola zidzakhala pafupifupi matani 1.5 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 7% kuposa mu 2021, ndipo izi zidzasintha mbiri ya chaka chatha. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa zokolola kumatheka chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa madera atsopano, komanso chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola, "Yulia Tulupnikova akulosera. Ananenanso kuti ku Krasnodar Territory, kupanga masamba kwakula ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu pazaka zisanu zapitazi.
Pali zinthu zonse zokulitsa masamba obiriwira ku Kuban, akutero Maria Zakatova, katswiri pakampani yofufuza ya NTech. “Iyi ndi nyengo yabwino komanso nthaka yachonde. Komanso, pali sabusies ku boma mu mawonekedwe a reimbursement ndalama pomanga greenhouses kulima masamba a nthaka otetezedwa, amene kulipira 25% ya ndalama yomanga, "akutero Abiti Zakatova.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchitoyo, malinga ndi akatswiri, m'pofunika kukonzanso malo owonjezera kutentha m'derali, kugwiritsa ntchito makina otenthetsera bwino kwambiri, komanso kuthandizira minda yaulimi yaing'ono ndi yapakati.
“Pali ngongole za subsidized, pali magawo, palinso chipukuta misozi pamtengo wamagetsi mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kopanga m’nyumba zosungiramo zomera. Pali njira zambiri, koma sizimayendetsedwa ndi mtundu wazinthu, "akutero Andrey Medvedev. Iye akulongosola momveka bwino kuti alimi masiku ano alibe ndalama zokwanira zobwereka zothandizira ntchito zogwirira ntchito. "Ndikoyenera kulimbikitsa osati kumanga greenhouses, monga momwe amachitira lero, komanso ndondomeko yolima masamba osiyanasiyana. Thandizo la boma silimasankha. Sizimalimbikitsa kulima mitundu ina ya mankhwala, zomwe sizili zokwanira m'dzikoli, "akugogomezera Bambo Medvedev.
Mwa njira, bungwe la "Greenhouses of Russia" mu Marichi lidapempha Prime Minister wa Russian Federation Mikhail Mishustin kuti apereke malingaliro angapo ofunikira, malinga ndi alimi, miyeso yothandizira boma. Makamaka, uku ndi kuwonjezeka kwa malire a kubwereketsa kwakanthawi kochepa kwa ma ruble 1.5 biliyoni, kuwonjezereka kwa chipukuta misozi ku mabungwe angongole chifukwa chokonda nthawi yaifupi komanso ngongole zamalonda mpaka 100% yamtengo wofunikira wa Banki Yaikulu ya Russia. Federation; kukhazikitsidwa kwa maholide a ngongole kwa nthawi ya 1 chaka kuti mubweze ngongole za ndalama pamene mukusunga mitengo yosankhidwa, malipiro a gawo la ndalama zogulira zipangizo, ntchito ndi ntchito, poganizira gawo la ndalama, ndi zina zotero.
Ntchito yofalitsa nkhani ya Magnit retail chain ikuwonjezera kuti kupanga bwino kwa masamba owonjezera kutentha, mwa zina, kumadalira chitukuko cha madera monga kuswana ndi kupanga mbewu, komanso kugwira ntchito mwakhama ndi mayunivesite aulimi pophatikiza chidziwitso cha sayansi kukhala chothandiza. ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, kampaniyo ikuwona kuchepa kwa olima masamba. "Zotsatira za ntchito za greenhouse complexes zimadalira kwambiri ubwino ndi zokolola za ogwira ntchitowa. Pofuna kutseka kusiyana kwa akatswiriwa, Magnit amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolimbikitsa kuti asunge antchito oterowo, amapanga malo osungirako antchito a akatswiri ndi mamenejala, amawongolera zochitika zogwirira ntchito, amachita kafukufuku wokhutitsidwa ndi antchito, amakopa ophunzira a KubGAU. Mwachitsanzo, mipikisano imachitika ndi yunivesite pa kafukufuku wosangalatsa komanso wogwira mtima kwambiri pakupanga ndikulipira zolimbikitsira komanso maphunziro aumwini kuchokera kumakampani ogulitsa, "ikutero kampaniyo. Komabe, vutoli, malinga ndi akatswiri, limakhalabe lokhazikika pamakampani ndipo limafuna chidwi cha boma.
Margarita Sinkevich
Gwero: https://www.kommersant.ru