Tikamamva za kuwonjezeka kwa chakudya mothandizidwa ndi ulimi wotchedwa "wanzeru", timaganizira chinachake chokhudzana ndi luntha lochita kupanga, ma robot ndi "deta yayikulu", koma kukhathamiritsa kwaulimi sikudalira nthawi zonse zamakono zamakono. Pankhani ya minda yaing'ono m'madera akumidzi, njira "yanzeru" nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kupeza njira zotsika mtengo komanso zoyambirira zowonjezera ulimi wa mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito bwino zachilengedwe komanso popanda kuwononga chilengedwe.
Ntchito ya FAO "Smart Agriculture - for the Future Generation" yokhala ndi bajeti ya $ 3.4 miliyoni, yothandizidwa ndi Boma la Republic of Korea, imathandizira mabanja ambiri akumidzi ya Uzbekistan ndi Vietnam kuti awonjezere ulimi wowonjezera kutentha kwaulimi kuti athe kupanga chakudya chochuluka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochepa, feteleza wa mchere ndi madzi, mopanda ntchito yocheperako komanso m'njira yotetezeka.
Lingaliro lalikulu ndi kuonjezera mphamvu ya greenhouses poganizira mbali zisanu zogwirizana: kulamulira nyengo, tizilombo towononga ndi matenda, ulimi wothirira, zomera zakudya ndi kulima njira.
Ntchitoyi ikuphatikiza malingaliro asayansi omveka bwino komanso mayankho ozikidwa mwasayansi, achikhalidwe komanso amakono. Cholinga chake ndi kusandutsa mafamu owonjezera kutentha kukhala mabizinesi opambana, zomwe zidzakulitsa ndalama za eni ake, kukulitsa mwayi wantchito wa anthu amderali ndikupangitsa kuti chaka chonse chitheke kupanga zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zotsika mtengo komanso zotetezeka.
"Tawona ma greenhouses apamwamba kwambiri omwe adayikidwamo ndalama zambiri, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo zokolola zawo zinali zochepa, chifukwa sanaganizire zazomwe zikuchitika. Njira zotsika mtengo, monga nyumba zosungiramo zomera zokongoletsedwa bwinozi, zimakulolani kukolola mbewu zambiri ndi zinthu zochepa,” akutero Melvin Medina Navarro, katswiri wotsogola wa pulojekitiyi.
Mayankho anzeru
Akatswiri a FAO atayamba kuphunzira za mabanja omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa komanso zosakhazikika m'madera atatu akumidzi oyendetsa ndege ku Uzbekistan, adapeza kuti m'mabanjamo munkachitika njira zakale komanso zosagwira ntchito zolima zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Mwachitsanzo, kutulutsa mungu kunkachitika pamanja, ndipo mankhwala ophera tizilombo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Malo obiriwira obiriwira amakutidwa ndi dongo kuti apange mthunzi ndikuchepetsa kutentha mkati mwa miyezi yotentha kwambiri, pomwe kutentha kwa masana kumatha kufika madigiri 42 Celsius.
"Choyamba, akulangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zovundikira," akutero katswiri wazamalimi Khairulla Esonov, yemwe akugwira nawo ntchito ya FAO.
The greenhouses anali yokutidwa ndi polyethylene filimu ndi zina zapadera kwambiri cholimba, kusonyeza ultraviolet cheza, kuchepetsa fumbi ndi kupewa condensation.
Misampha yapadera yomata ndi maukonde oteteza udzudzu anagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza tizirombo ndi matenda. Malo ozungulira malo obiriwirawo anachotsedwa namsongole, ndipo zophimba pansi zoteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi dongosolo la zitseko ziwiri zolimbana ndi mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa madzi kwakhala kokonzedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothirira madzi omwe ali ndi mapampu amadzi amagetsi, zosefera, akasinja amadzi ndi mizere yodontha, chifukwa chomwe zakudya zosungunuka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, zomwe zimafika mwachindunji ku mizu ya zomera.
Kuonjezera apo, aliyense wopindula anapatsidwa zida zoyezera ubwino wa madzi. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, zidadziwika kuti madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mthirira m'madera onse atatu oyendetsa ndege ali ndi asidi wochuluka kwambiri. Tsopano ntchito yokonza magawowa ikuchitika posintha kuchuluka kwa feteleza ndikuwonjezera ma asidi apadera m'madzi.
Ngakhale Mayi Nature mwiniwake amathandizira: m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito pollination yolemetsa komanso yosagwira ntchito, ma bumblebees tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zotsatira zosintha moyo
Kusintha kotereku, kuphatikiza ndi thandizo laukadaulo loperekedwa ndi FAO, zatengera kasamalidwe ka greenhouse kupita pamlingo wina watsopano, womwe nthawi zina watulutsa zotsatira zochititsa chidwi. Cholinga choyambirira cha ntchitoyi chinali kukulitsa ulimi wa masamba ndi 20 peresenti. Komabe, panthawi yoyamba yaulimi, kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola za tomato ndi tsabola wokoma kunali 90 ndi 140 peresenti, motsatira.
Nigora Pulatova, m’modzi mwa alimi amene anagwira nawo ntchitoyi, anadabwa kulandira zokolola zomwezo, ngakhale kuti anagwiritsa ntchito theka la mbande kuposa alimi ena. Kuonjezera apo, ubwino wa ndiwo zamasamba zakhala zikuyenda bwino kwambiri pa kukula, mawonekedwe, mtundu komanso kusowa kwa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zomwe zinapangitsa alimi kugulitsa katundu wawo pamtengo wokwera kwambiri.
Mlimi wina amene anachita nawo polojekiti ya FAO anali Matluba Alimbekova, mayi wa ana asanu wochokera ku dera la Andijan ku Uzbekistan. Matluba amalima tomato, nkhaka, tsabola wokoma, adyo ndi zitsamba, koma poyamba ankataya pafupifupi theka la mbewu chifukwa cha tizirombo ndi matenda. Chaka chino adabzala tsabola watsopano wokoma "anetta", yemwe amagwirizana bwino ndi malo amderalo, ndipo wakolola kale matani opitilira matani awiri ndipo adapeza pafupifupi $ 1,100. Pakalipano, amasonkhanitsa tsabola woposa 90 kilogalamu mlungu uliwonse ndipo akukonzekera kubzala radishes mu November kuti apeze ndalama zambiri m'nyengo yozizira.
“Ntchitoyi yathandiza kwambiri banja lathu, ndalama zomwe timapeza zawonjezeka,” akutero Matlyuba.
M'mbuyomu, theka la ndalama zomwe Matlyuba Alimbekova adapeza zidapita kukalipira ndalama zopangira, koma chifukwa cha ntchito yaulimi "wanzeru", tsopano zikuchepera 20 peresenti.
Komanso, polojekiti idzachita kuwunika msika, wamakono ma laboratories m'munda wa chitetezo chakudya ndi maphunziro a akatswiri am'deralo kuti kuonjezera voliyumu ndi phindu la kunja kwa masamba atsopano ndi kupitiriza kusintha kwa madera akumidzi ntchito chuma Kufikika ndi njira reproducible. .
Gwero: https://news.un.org