Ku Russia, kupanga masamba owonjezera kutentha m'miyezi isanu ndi inayi kudakwera ndi 6.8%.
Makampani owonjezera kutentha ku Russia akukula mwachangu kuyambira 2014, pomwe zidawonekeratu kuti dzikolo liyenera kukhala pansi pamavuto. Choyambira chinali njira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa yolowa m'malo mwazinthu zingapo, yokonzedwa kuti ikhale ndondomeko yazaka zisanu yopititsa patsogolo ntchito zaulimi. Zamasamba zomwe zimamera pamalo otsekedwa sizinali choncho. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazi, nyumba zobiriwira zamakono zawonekera m'dzikoli, ndipo zowerengera zadzaza ndi nkhaka zapamwamba komanso zachilengedwe komanso tomato zapakhomo.
Chilimbikitso choyambirira cha chitukuko chofulumira kwambiri chamakampani owonjezera kutentha chinali thandizo lalikulu la boma la Russia opanga masamba amkati. Zomera zobiriwira zawonekera pafupifupi madera onse a dzikolo. Zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zimapezeka m'chigawo chapakati, ku Siberia komanso kum'mwera kwa dzikolo. Zomera zazikulu kwambiri zam'nyumba zomwe zimamera m'derali ndi za kampani ya St. Petersburg "Rost", malo onse owonjezera kutentha kwake amakwana mahekitala 445. Likulu la greenhouse bizinesi "ECO-Culture" limakhala pafupifupi mahekitala 305, limatseka atatu apamwamba a JSC "Agrokombinat "Yuzhny" okhala ndi greenhouse complex omwe ali ndi malo pafupifupi mahekitala 145. Masiku ano, zoweta zakunyumba zomwe zikukula pamalo otsekedwa zikupitilizabe kukula, pachaka zikuwonetsa kukula bwino, ndipo kupanga wowonjezera kutentha ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri poyambira.
Kukula kokhazikika. Kupanga kwamasamba otetezedwa ku Russia kukukulirakulira. Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia, matani 1.25 miliyoni adakula kale m'malo obiriwira mkati mwa Okutobala 2022. Izi ndi 6.8% kuposa nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Wowonjezera kutentha nkhaka kale kukolola 725.4 zikwi matani (kukula - 7.7%), tomato - 502.9 zikwi matani (kukula - 7.4%). Madera otsogola pankhani yokolola masamba owonjezera kutentha ndi Lipetsk, Moscow, Volgograd, Kaluga, Belgorod Regions, Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Territories, Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia, Tatarstan ndi Bashkortostan.
Iwo anakhala atsogoleri. Masiku ano, dera la Lipetsk likutsogolera kukolola masamba owonjezera kutentha. Pofika chapakati pa Okutobala, matani opitilira 123 a masamba owonjezera kutentha ndi mbewu zobiriwira adakololedwa m'derali. Kukula kumapitilira 17%.
"Zokolola zamakono za nkhaka m'derali zafika kale matani 61.6, matani 59.9 adakololedwa chaka chatha," mkulu wa dera la Lipetsk Igor Artamonov akuti. - Tomato adakololedwa pafupifupi matani 60.6, omwe ndi gawo lachitatu kuposa chaka chatha (matani 44.4). Kuwonjezera pamenepo, letesi 3.8 miliyoni (matani 650) asonkhanitsidwa, zomwe zangoyamba kumene kulimidwa m’derali.”
M'malo achiwiri ndi greenhouses pafupi ndi Moscow. Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi wachigawo, matani 66 a masamba adakololedwa m'chigawo cha Moscow mu Januware - June 2022 - izi ndi 10% kuposa 2021 tsiku lomwelo. Pofika kumapeto kwa 2022, akukonzekera kukolola matani 122 a masamba.
Malinga ndi atolankhani a mutu ndi Boma la Karachay-Cherkessia, mu 2022 akukonzekera kuwonjezera zokolola zamasamba a nthaka yotetezedwa ndi kotala - izi ndi pafupifupi matani 50 zikwi zamasamba. Poyerekeza ndi 2021, kukula kudzakhala 26%.
Kwa zaka zisanu zapitazi, kupanga masamba otetezedwa kudera la Kaluga kwawonjezeka kanayi. Chaka chatha, matani 67.6 zikwi zamasamba adakololedwa pano, chaka chino akukonzekera kuonjezera kupanga kwawo mpaka matani 72. Stavropol dera analandira matani oposa 80 zikwi zamasamba (9% kuposa chaka chatha): matani oposa 17 zikwi nkhaka, matani 64 wa tomato ndi matani 284 masamba ena, kuphatikizapo mbewu zobiriwira.
Krasnodar Krai ndi amodzi mwa madera khumi apamwamba ku Russia pakulima masamba pamalo otsekedwa. "Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka, alimi athu adakula kale matani 53, omwe ndi 4.5% kuposa nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha," akutero bwanamkubwa wa Krasnodar Territory Veniamin Kondratiev. - Kuban akadali m'modzi mwa omwe amapanga masamba owonjezera kutentha ku Russia. Masiku ano, m’derali muli nyumba zikuluzikulu 11 zokhala ndi malo okwana mahekitala 240.”
Chiphunzitsocho chimakwaniritsidwa ndi 90%. Mu 2022, Russia ikhoza kukwaniritsa zizindikiro za Food Security Doctrine ya masamba ndi mavwende.
A Dmitry Patrushev, Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, adanenanso za kukhazikitsidwa kwa Food Safety Doctrine pa ola la boma ku Federation Council. "Pafupifupi matani 5 miliyoni a masamba otseguka akuyembekezeredwa, ndipo matani pafupifupi 1.6 miliyoni adzapangidwa m'malo obiriwira. Kuchulukitsa kotereku kudzakwaniritsa zosowa zapakhomo ndikupanga zinthu zotumiza kunja, "adatero mkulu wa dipatimentiyo.
"Chaka chilichonse alimi amasamba akunyumba amachulukitsa kuchuluka," adatero Oksana Lut, Wachiwiri kwa Nduna ya Zaulimi ku Russian Federation pachiwonetsero chapadziko lonse lapansi Msika Watsopano wa Global Fresh Market: Vegetables & Fruits. - Chaka chino, ife kulosera kuti zokolola za masamba minda ya zipatso m'minda ya siyana adzakhala pafupifupi 16 miliyoni matani (mu 2021 - pafupifupi 15 miliyoni matani). Zotsatira zotere zitha kupangitsa kuti zitheke kufikira mtengo wa Chiphunzitso cha Chitetezo cha Chakudya pamlingo wa 90%. The wowonjezera kutentha masamba kukula gawo panopa akusonyeza kwambiri mphamvu - zikuyembekezeredwa kuti chaka chino kupanga mu chatsekedwa pansi adzasintha mbiri ndi kufika 1.6 miliyoni matani. Kukula kwa zokolola kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimachokera kunja, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zogulitsa kunja ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mitengo ikhazikika. Chaka chino pali kuchepa kwa kugulitsa mitengo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba: mbatata, kabichi, kaloti, anyezi, beets tebulo, nkhaka ndi tomato. Ndipo Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia upitiliza kuthandizira bizinesiyo, kulimbikitsa ntchito zachuma ndikupanga zofunikira kuti ziteteze msika wapakhomo. "
Pofuna kusunga kutalika komwe kumapezeka, Utumiki ukupitirizabe kuthandizira kupanga ngakhale m'malo omwe mfundo zofunikira za chiphunzitsozo zakwaniritsidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, nsanja yayikulu yothandizira boma yapangidwa, yomwe ikukhudza nthawi yonse yopanga.
Njira zambiri zothandizira boma zimayang'ana pakukula kwa masamba amkati. Ngongole zokongoletsedwa zamabizinesi ndi zothandizira zothandizira zimaperekedwa kwa mabizinesi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambira 2022, njira yolipirira gawo lina la ndalama zomangira mabizinesi owonjezera kutentha m'madera a Far East yakhala ikugwira ntchito.
Mutu wachitetezo cha chakudya cha Russia ndi dziko lapansi udakhala pafupifupi mutu waukulu pachiwonetsero chomaliza chamakampani aku Russia "Golden Autumn" -2022.
Prime Minister waku Russia Mikhail Mishustin adanenanso kuti chaka chino Russia ikwaniritsa zisonyezo za Chiphunzitso cha Chitetezo cha Chakudya chambewu, beets, shuga ndi mbewu zina zingapo. "Zachidziwikire kuti tikhala ndi zokolola zambiri," adatero mkulu wa boma. - Pali zopambana zazikulu mu mbewu zina zaulimi, kuphatikiza mbewu zamafuta. Timawonanso bwino pakupanga zipatso, zomwe zimakhala zodula komanso zovuta kumera nyengo yathu. Koma tikuyembekeza mbiri - matani opitilira 1.5 miliyoni a zipatso ndi zipatso. Chothandizira chachikulu pa izi chimapangidwa ndi njira zothandizira boma pamafamu owonjezera kutentha. "
Zolinga zachitetezo. Monga gawo la zosintha zamalamulo a feduro "Pa Kusamalira Motetezedwa kwa Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi Agrochemicals" mu 2020, pankhani yowongolera kayendetsedwe ka boma (kuyang'anira), gawo la Federal State Information System for Traceability of Pesticides and Agrochemicals (FGIS) linali. yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu Article 15, yomwe idapangidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti magulu a mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals amawerengedwa akagwiritsidwa ntchito (kutumizidwa kudera la Russian Federation, kupanga (kupanga), kusungirako, zoyendera (zoyendera), kugwiritsa ntchito, kugulitsa, kusalowerera ndale. , kutaya, kuwononga ndi kuikidwa m'manda), komanso kusanthula, kukonza zomwe zaperekedwa mmenemo ndikuwunika kudalirika kwawo.
Zomwe zili mu FGIS zimatetezedwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Zambirizi ndizovomerezeka ndipo zimatengedwa ngati gwero lachidziwitso cha boma. Kuti agwire ntchito ku FGIS Saturn mpaka Seputembara 1, 2022, mabizinesi onse, kuphatikiza nyumba zobiriwira zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals, adayenera kulembetsa ku FGIS Saturn kudzera mu Cerberus system. Rosselkhoznadzor imagwira ntchito yoyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira mosamala mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals. Malangizo amaikidwa pamasamba a Rosselkhoznadzor territorial administration pazipata zazikulu zothandizira. M'munsimu muli manambala a foni a akuluakulu olandirira alendo a madera. Mabizinesi a Greenhouse, kuti apeze malowedwe ndi mawu achinsinsi, lumikizanani ndi ofesi yawo yoyang'anira ngati muli ndi mafunso pakulembetsa. Madipatimenti omwe ali ndi udindo woyang'anira minda kapena phytosanitary amazindikiridwanso m'magawo aliwonse.
Zakuthupi ndi luso tsogolo. Pamsonkhano waulimi wa June "Greenhouse Industry of Russia"-2022 ku Moscow, chidwi chachikulu chinaperekedwa pazochitika zamakono zamakampani onse, makamaka chitukuko cha zipangizo ndi luso. "Zamasamba zaku Russia zomwe zikukula pamalo otsekedwa: momwe bizinesi ikukulirakulira, chiyembekezo cha chitukuko, thandizo la boma pazomwe zikuchitika masiku ano" - Arkady Muravyov, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Association "Greenhouses of Russia", adapereka lipoti lotere pamsonkhanowo. "Ntchito yomanga yogwira ntchito ya zomera zobiriwira, yomwe inayamba mu 2014, ikupitirizabe ku Russia lero," adatero m'mawu ake. - Kuyambira pamenepo, mahekitala oposa 1.5 zikwizikwi adamangidwa ndipo kupanga masamba kwawonjezeka kanayi - mpaka matani 1.6 miliyoni. Masiku ano, malo akuluakulu owonjezera kutentha akukonzekera kukhazikitsa madera akuluakulu a maofesi atsopano apamwamba kumapeto kwa 2022. APH "Eco-culture" - mahekitala oposa 200, GC "Kukula" - oposa 70 mahekitala. Malo angapo akuluakulu okhala ndi malo opitilira mahekitala 80 ali pagawo lopanga. Komabe, momwe zinthu zilili panopa pazachuma zilinso ndi zotsatirapo zoipa. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yomanga malo ogulitsira a Ryazan Roses okhala ndi mahekitala 6.4 idaimitsidwa. Arkady Muravyov adawona njira zapamwamba komanso mayendedwe omwe ayamba kubweretsa ndalama zenizeni kumakampani owonjezera kutentha masiku ano. Zina mwa izo ndi kutsegulidwa kwa mabizinesi akuluakulu a horticultural, komwe maluwa ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimakula ndikugulitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mtsogoleri wa bungweli adakumbukiranso momwe makampani aku Russia adakhazikitsira bwino njira yolowa m'malo yopangira zida zofunika kuzipinda zamafakitale. "M'malo opangira magetsi, opanga ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, amatha kupereka njira zambiri zothandiza, monga makina opangira magetsi opangira ma modular kapena ma boilers otentha amadzi atatu," Arkady Muravyov akutsimikiza.
Zoyembekeza za nthawi yayitali. Masiku ano dziko la Russia ndi lachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi pankhani ya nkhaka (matani 1.7 miliyoni) komanso lachisanu ndi chitatu potengera kudya kwa phwetekere (matani 3.5 miliyoni). Mtsogoleri wa Center for Agroanalytics wotchedwa Dmitry Aveltsov anafotokoza kuti chododometsa lero ndi chakuti dziko lathu liri pamwamba pa 20 ndi pamwamba 30 padziko lonse lapansi ponena za kudya masambawa pa munthu aliyense. Nthawi yomweyo, kupanga kwanu ku Russia sikokwanira. Chaka chatha, Russia ankaitanitsa 460.2 ndi 55.2 zikwi matani nkhaka. Komabe, zilango zomwe zaperekedwa motsutsana ndi Russia zapangitsa kuti kusatheka kukonzanso / kukulitsa luso lina laukadaulo komanso chiopsezo choletsa kuitanitsa mbewu, zida ndi zinthu zina zofunika.
"Masiku ano, boma la dzikoli ndi madipatimenti oyenera amayang'anitsitsa kwambiri chitukuko cha malonda a ulimi ndi mayiko monga Uzbekistan, Iran, Azerbaijan," akupitiriza Dmitry Aveltsov. - Mtengo wamtengo wapatali pamsika wamasamba unawunikidwanso, vuto la kuopsa kwa okonza masamba okhudzana ndi zilango komanso kuchotsedwa kwa makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa msika kunadziwika mosiyana.
Malinga ndi deta yathu, ku Russia lero pali ntchito 72 zamalonda zomwe zikugwira ntchito yopangira masamba otsekedwa, kukhazikitsidwa kwake komwe kumakhudza nthawi ya 2021-2028. 62% ya ma projekiti akukwaniritsidwa kale, ena onse akukonzekera kukhazikitsidwa posachedwa. Ndalama zonse zoyendetsera ntchito za 2022-2024 zidzakwana ma ruble 45,2 biliyoni, kuphatikiza 1,7 biliyoni zidzaperekedwa kuti zipititse patsogolo ntchito zomwe zilipo kale.
Polankhula za kulosera kwa kuchuluka kwa greenhouses, Mikhail Semykin, director of the greenhouse direction of AGRISIVGAZ LLC, adaneneratu zosangalatsa. Malingana ndi iye, kudzidalira pazamasamba kudzakula kufika ku 72% mu 2022. Komabe, kuti mutengeretu katundu wochokera kunja, m'pofunika kumanga maofesi owonjezera kutentha, ndipo izi ndizowona makamaka pakupanga maluwa, tomato. strawberries ndi hops.
Komanso, mafunso ambiri adadzutsidwa ndi zatsopano monga kuthetsedwa kwa pulogalamu yobwezera ndalama zina zomwe zawonongeka, kuchepa kwa malire azinthu komanso kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yobwezera ntchito, kuwonjezeka kwamitengo yazinthu, zigawo ndi katundu wa zomangamanga latsopano ndi 50-100%, komanso kuwonjezeka mtengo wa malipiro thumba ndi kuwonjezeka mphamvu kudalira mabizinesi, etc. Kuti athetse mavutowa, m'pofunika kuchepetsa mlingo wa kutenga nawo mbali mu 7-10% ya ndalama za polojekitiyi, potero kuchepetsa mwayi wolowera mu makampani kwa osunga ndalama. M'pofunikanso kuwonjezera boma thandizo mapulogalamu m'madera floriculture, kadumphidwe kukula, mabulosi kukula ndi reorient thandizo miyeso kwa opanga zoweta zida ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu. Zingakhalenso zabwino kuphatikiza zinthu zomwe zili ndi malo okwana mahekitala 0.7 mpaka 3 a malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito mu pulogalamuyi.
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