#tomatocultivation #high-techgreenhouses #LEDlighting #individualirrigationsystems #modernagriculture #sustainablefarming #environmentalimpact
Tomato ndi imodzi mwamasamba otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo kufunikira kwawo kukukulirakulira. Komabe, chifukwa njira zolimira zachikhalidwe sizikuyenda bwino, alimi amakono akutembenukira ku malo obiriwira obiriwira kuti awonjezere zokolola zawo. M'chigawo cha Ivanovo ku Russia, famu yotchedwa "Rodina" yakhazikitsa ntchito yolima phwetekere yamakono yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kwa LED ndi ulimi wothirira. Zotsatira zake ndi zochititsa chidwi: m’miyezi itatu yokha, famuyo inatha kukolola matani 9 a plamu ya plamu ndi matani 12 a tomato wapakatikati. Ngakhale kuti ndalama zogulira ndalama zinali zazikulu, ubwino wa mankhwalawo umadziwonetsera yokha. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza ubwino ndi zovuta za ulimi wa phwetekere wapamwamba kwambiri, komanso kuthekera kokulitsa machitidwe atsopanowa.
Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa ku Sputnik yaku Russia, famu ya Rodina ku Ivanovo yakhala ikukula tomato pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi. Ndalama zawo zaposachedwa kwambiri pantchito yatsopanoyi zidawononga ma ruble 65 miliyoni, kuphatikiza ma 1,400 masikweya mita a malo okhala ndi phwetekere. Kuunikira kwa LED ndi njira zothirira pawokha zimawunikidwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire kuti chomera chilichonse chimalandira madzi ndi michere yoyenera. M’miyezi itatu yokha, famuyo inakolola tomato okwana matani 21 a mitundu iwiri yosiyana.
Kugwiritsira ntchito nyumba zamakono zobiriwira kuli ndi ubwino wambiri, kuphatikizapo kukhoza kulamulira nyengo, kuyatsa, ndi njira zothirira ndendende. Kuwongolera kumeneku kumathandiza alimi kulima mbewu chaka chonse, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo kunja. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kwa LED ndikosavuta kwambiri kuposa njira zachikhalidwe, zomwe zingachepetse mtengo wopangira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zothirira zimathandizira kuti matenda ndi tizirombo zisafalikire pakati pa mbewu, zomwe zitha kukulitsa zokolola zonse komanso zabwino.
Ngakhale ma greenhouses apamwamba kwambiri amapereka zabwino zambiri, amakhalanso ndi zovuta zazikulu. Ndalama zoyamba zogulira zitha kukhala zokwera, ndipo kukonza kungakhale kovuta, komwe kumafunikira chidziwitso chapadera ndi maphunziro. Kuwonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono kungakhale koopsa kwa alimi ena, omwe angakonde njira zachikhalidwe. Komabe, kufunikira kwa zokolola zabwino kwambiri, zobzalidwa bwino kukukulirakulira, ndipo nyumba zobiriwira zobiriwira zatsala pang'ono kukhala chida chofunikira paulimi wamakono.
Ma greenhouses apamwamba kwambiri ndi njira yosangalatsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yaulimi. Famu ya Rodina ya m'chigawo cha Ivanovo ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha momwe ukadaulo wamakono ungathandizire kuti zokolola zizikhala bwino ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe. Ngakhale kuti ndalama zoyamba zogulira ndalama zingakhale zokwera kwambiri, phindu la nthawi yaitali la nyumba zobiriwira zamakono zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zopindulitsa kwa alimi ndi akatswiri a zaulimi. Pomwe kufunikira kwapadziko lonse kwa zokolola zatsopano kukuchulukirachulukira, ma greenhouses apamwamba kwambiri akuyembekezeka kuchulukirachulukira m'zaka zikubwerazi.