#UNexpert #greenfarming #smartagriculture #cropprotection #sustainableagriculture #technologyinagriculture
Monga gawo la polojekiti ya FAO "Smart Farming for Future Generations," katswiri wa United Nations pakugwiritsa ntchito agrochemical adachita maphunziro a ulimi wobiriwira ku Fergana. Maphunzirowa adayang'ana pa kasamalidwe kake ka tizirombo ndi matenda mu ulimi wowonjezera kutentha, ndikugogomezera njira zokhazikika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zidagawidwa panthawi ya maphunziro komanso zomwe zingakhudze chitukuko chaulimi.
Pamsonkhano waposachedwa womwe unachitikira ku Fergana, pafupifupi anthu 50 adatenga nawo gawo mu pulogalamu yophunzitsa njira za ulimi wowonjezera kutentha motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino wa UN. Maphunzirowa adakonzedwa pansi pa pulojekiti ya FAO ya "Smart Farming for Future Generations," yomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa ulimi wokhazikika komanso njira zatsopano zotetezera mbewu.
Katswiriyo adagawana nzeru zothana ndi tizirombo potengera zomwe zidachitika padziko lonse lapansi. Pogogomezera kufunika kolingalira za kakulidwe kakakulidwe, kulinganizika, ndi kugwirizana pakati pa zomera, tizilombo, tizilombo tosaoneka bwino, ndi zakudya, anagogomezera kufunika kwa njira yotetezera yotetezera mbewu pamene ikusunga chilengedwe.
Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kulima mbewu zomwe zimalimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, ndikulola kuti chilengedwe chizibwereranso mwachilengedwe, popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu. Katswiriyu adatsindika kufunikira kochepetsa kudalira feteleza ndi mankhwala opangira mankhwala pomwe nthawi imodzi kukulitsa zokolola. Njirayi imawonetsetsa kuti ogula atha kupeza chakudya chopatsa thanzi pomwe akuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Kuti akwaniritse zolingazi, katswiriyu anapempha kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipangizo zatsopano zopangira ulimi wowonjezera kutentha, monga mafilimu a polyethylene okhala ndi zowonjezera zapadera zolemera ma microns 180-200 mu makulidwe. Zowonjezerazi zimatha kuyamwa cheza cha ultraviolet, kukulitsa kulimba kwa filimuyi, ndikuletsa mapangidwe a madontho amadzi pakatikati pa wowonjezera kutentha.
Pofuna kuzizirira, katswiriyo adalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde a shading m'malo mochita kupopera dongo. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito misampha ndi maukonde a udzudzu kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka mpweya mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha.
Kuphatikiza apo, katswiri wa UN adalimbikitsa alimi aku Uzbek kuti akhazikitse zophimba pansi zothira tizilombo m'malo awo otenthetsera kutentha. Anagogomezeranso kufunikira kochotsa udzu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitseko ziwiri kuti athe kuthana ndi kuipitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya.
Katswiriyu adalimbikitsa kuphatikiza matekinoloje a digito mu ulimi wowonjezera kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, kuyika zida zounikira kuti zizitha kuyang'anira chinyezi m'nthaka, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwadzuwa, chinyezi, ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, pamodzi ndi mapulogalamu oyenerera, kungathandize kuti azitha kuyang'anira nyengo ya microclimate ndi ulimi wothirira, ngakhale kudzera pazida zam'manja.
Maphunzirowa adapereka chidziwitso chofunikira komanso malangizo othandiza kwa akatswiri aulimi ochokera ku AKIS Center of Agricultural Knowledge and Services m'chigawo cha Fergana. Oimira ochokera ku Plant Quarantine and Protection Agency, Fergana State University, ndi Andijan Research Experimental Station for Vegetable and Melon Crops and Mbatata nawonso adatenga nawo gawo.
Malingaliro omwe akatswiri a UN adagawana nawo pamaphunzirowa ali ndi kuthekera kosintha njira zaulimi wowonjezera kutentha ku Fergana ndi kupitirira apo. Polimbikitsa njira zochiritsira zowononga tizilombo ndi kuteteza mbewu, alimi akhoza kuchepetsa kudalira kwawo mankhwala owopsa, kusunga chuma, ndi kupititsa patsogolo ubwino ndi chitetezo cha zokolola zawo. Kuphatikizika kwa matekinoloje a digito kumaperekanso mphamvu kwa alimi kukulitsa njira zawo zolima ndikukulitsa zokolola.
Kutengera njira ndi njira zapamwambazi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa ulimi wokhazikika, kuwonetsetsa kuti chakudya chilipo, ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe komwe kumakhudzana ndi ulimi wamba.
Maphunziro a akatswiri a UN pa ulimi wowonjezera kutentha ku Fergana adawonetsa kufunikira kwa njira zokhazikika zaulimi, kasamalidwe koyenera ka tizirombo, komanso kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo wa digito. Potsatira njirazi, alimi amatha kukulitsa zokolola, kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe, ndikupatsa ogula zakudya zabwino. Chidziwitso chomwe tingapeze kuchokera ku maphunzirowa chidzathandizira kupititsa patsogolo ulimi wowonjezera kutentha ndi chitukuko chonse cha ulimi m'deralo.