Ndikofunikira kusanthula madzi ndi michere nthawi zonse kuonetsetsa kuti tomato wa hydroponic akulandira zakudya zoyenera.
Kuwonetsetsa kuti tomato wodzala ndi hydroponic amalandira michere yoyenera kumafuna kuyesa madzi ndi michere. Olima akuyeneranso kutsimikizira kuti zipangizo zothirira zikupereka feteleza woyenerera. Miyezo yazakudya iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikusinthidwa malinga ndi kukula kwa mbewu, nyengo, kuwala ndi mtundu wa phwetekere.
“Pothira feteleza pachomera chomwe chabzalidwa m’nthaka kapena m’nthaka yopanda dothi, cholinga chake ndi kugwirizanitsa katengedwe ka zakudya m’mbewuyo mozama kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa fetereza” (Mary Peet, USDA, Division of Plant Systems- Production, 2005). Pali zifukwa zambiri zochitira izi, koma chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri ndikupewa kutha kwa feteleza komwe kwenikweni ndiko kutha kwa ndalama. Kwa alimi omwe ali ndi njira yothirira yotseguka izi zimapweteka kwambiri. Mu ulimi wothirira wotsekedwa, feteleza wowonjezera amabwezedwa ndikubwezeretsedwanso pambuyo pothirira madzi.
Kusanthula kwachitsanzo cha madzi
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunika pafupipafupi madzi amthirira ndi michere (madzi + feteleza). Ubwino wa madzi othirira kuchokera pachitsime, dziwe kapena ma municipalities ayenera kutsimikiziridwa musanagwiritse ntchito ndondomeko yamtundu uliwonse. Magawo ofunikira omwe alimi akuyenera kudziwa ndi awa: madzi amagetsi (EC), madzi pH, sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) ngati akugwiritsa ntchito gwero lamadzi la tauni, kashiamu (Ca), magnesiamu (Mg) ndi sulfates (SO4). Zokonda ndizochepa kwambiri pazinthu zonsezi. Madzi EC osakwana 0.5 millisiemens/centimeter (mS/cm) ndi mulingo wabwino. Ngati pH yamadzi ndi yayikulu, kuwongolera kumatha kuchitidwa ndi sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid kapena citric acid. Mulingo woyenera komanso wotetezeka wa pH uli pakati pa 5 ndi 6.
Kuyesa kwa mayankho a michere kuyenera kuchitika sabata iliyonse kapena biweekly. Zitsanzo za yankho la michere ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu ziwiri:
1. Chakudya ndi njira yothetsera michere yomwe dongosolo la ulimi wothirira limapopera ku zomera zomwe zatengedwa pa dripper.
2. Kukhetsa ndi leachate yochokera ku gawo lapansi. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pa ndondomeko ya umuna.
Mfundo zothandiza
Chidziwitso chopezedwa kuchokera ku kusanthula kwa michere kumathandiza:
1. Onetsetsani kuti zida zothirira zikuchulukirachulukira kuchuluka kwa fetereza.
2. Onetsetsani kuti EC ndi pH ya yankho la michere ndi yokwanira.
3. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa feteleza potengera zinthu zomwe zimamwedwa ndi zomera.
4. Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa feteleza omwe akuyenera kuthiridwa/kuchotsedwa muzomera.
Zingadziwike ngati kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira kuli koyenera poyang'ana kukhetsa kwa EC. Ngati EC ndi yokwera kwambiri, sipangakhale madzi okwanira omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ku zomera. Ngati EC ndiyotsika kwambiri (yotsika kuposa EC) mbewu zitha kulandira madzi ochulukirapo.
5. Onetsetsani ngati kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira ndi koyenera poyang'ana kukhetsa kwa EC. Ngati EC ndi yokwera kwambiri, sipangakhale madzi okwanira omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ku zomera. Ngati EC ndiyotsika kwambiri (yotsika kuposa EC), mbewu zitha kulandira madzi ochulukirapo.
Pali ma laboratories ambiri omwe amayesa kusanthula kwamadzi ndi michere yamtunduwu. Ndikofunikira kusankha labu komwe ogwira ntchito ali ndi chidziwitso mu hydroponics.
Ma laboratories awiri ovomerezeka ndi Groen Agro Control ku Netherlands ndi Perry Laboratory ku Watsonville, Calif.
Milingo yofunikira yazakudya
Pachithunzithunzi cha gawo la feteleza la Netafim laukadaulo wowongolera mbewu, mzere wabuluu kumanzere ndi madzi amthirira (madzi amchere kapena madzi amtawuni opanda feteleza). Madziwa amaponyedwa kuchipinda chosanganikirana kumene feteleza amabayidwa ndipo madziwo amakhala gwero la michere (mzere wa pinki kumanja). Njira yothetsera michere imayenda kudzera mu masensa a EC ndi pH kuonetsetsa kuti chandamale cha EC ndi pH chikusungidwa.
Tebulo 1 likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa michere potengera maelementi kapena mamolekyu omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti athetse madzi a phwetekere poyezera kukhetsa. Magawo oyambira m'mphepete mwa m'munsi kapena kumtunda siwoyipa kwenikweni. Kusunga mulingo woyenera wa michere kumadalira mbewu.
Gulu 1 likuwonetsa zofunikira zomwe zimapezedwa ndi kusanthula kwachitsanzo cha drain. Mwa kusanthula mosalekeza yankho la michere, milingo yomwe mukufuna ingakhale yogwirizana ndi mbewu.
Kukonzekera mayankho a michere
Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri osakaniza mayankho a michere amatchulidwa mu Nkhani ya Hort Americas pakupanga tsabola wa hydroponic wowonjezera kutentha.
Zikuphatikizapo:
- Ca(NO3)2 (Calcium nitrate)
- KNO3 (potaziyamu nitrate)
- KH2PO4 (Mono-potaziyamu phosphate)
- MgSO4*7 H2O (Magnesium sulfate)
- H3BO3 (Boric acid)
- MnCl2*4 H2O (Manganous chloride)
- CuCl2*2 H2O (Cupric chloride)
- K2SO4 (potaziyamu sulphate)
- MoO3 (Molybdenum trioxide)
- ZnSO4*7 H2O (Zinc sulfate)
- Fe Sequestrene 330 (chitsulo chelate)
Malangizo onse
- Mitundu ina ya phwetekere imakonda kuvunda (BER) http://ucanr.edu/sites/placernevadasmallfarms/files/86509.pdf) Yang'anani njira yothirira ndi milingo ya nitrate popeza kuchuluka kwa nitrate kungakhale chifukwa cha BER.
- Sungani miyeso yothirira tsiku lililonse mubuku lolemba (EC, pH ndi kuchuluka kwa drainage). Iyi ndi ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa m'mawa kwambiri nthawi yothirira isanayambe. Onani mita ya EC/pH yam'manja https://hortamericas.com/product-category/growing-supplies/meters/
- Fananizani zowerengera za EC/pH ndi magawo amthirira, ziyenera kufanana.
- Sungani chiŵerengero cha K:Ca pafupi.
- Sanjani pH ndi EC mita kamodzi pa sabata.
- Sinthani masensa a pH pagawo lothirira kamodzi pamwezi.
- Njira yothirira ikhale yaukhondo ndikutsuka nthawi ndi nthawi.
- Tsukani matanki a feteleza mwezi uliwonse kuti mupewe kusungunuka kwa feteleza.
- Sungani pH ya tanki ya micronutrient yochepa (pH 4).
Zambiri: Hort Americas, (469) 532-2383; https://hortamericas.com.