Zamasamba zapakhomo za greenhouse zakonzeka kutumiza ku Europe. Izi zikutsatira mawu a mutu wa Rosselkhoznadzor Sergey Dankvert. Malinga ndi mkuluyo, masamba owonjezera kutentha omwe akukula m'maiko a EU akukhala opanda phindu komanso osapikisana pazachuma chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwamagetsi. Ku Russia, ikukula kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimangokhala kuti zikhazikitse zinthu kwa oyandikana nawo kontinenti.
Povutika ndi chilala ndi mitengo yokwera, Dziko Lakale lingathe kunyalanyaza zilango
Mu 2021, Russia idapereka matani 2.5 a nkhaka ku Europe kokha, kuphatikiza kumayiko aku Europe. Ndipo tsopano pali zopinga mu mawonekedwe a zoletsa zoyendera ndi mayendedwe okwera mtengo: ngati kale galimoto ndalama € 3-3.5 zikwi, tsopano € 12 zikwi, anati Dankvert. Pakadali pano, ma voliyumu otere ndi otumbululuka poyerekeza ndi matani 5.5 miliyoni a zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe, malinga ndi Rosselkhoznadzor, zidalowa mu Russian Federation m'miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ya 2022.
Pazinthu zamtengo wapatali, chithunzichi chikuwonetseranso: mu 2021, Russia inagulitsa masamba okwana $ 818 miliyoni kunja, ndipo, mwachitsanzo, tirigu - $ 11,092 biliyoni. Iwo anali makamaka mbatata, nkhaka, tomato, anyezi, kaloti, kabichi woyera ndi kolifulawa, nyemba. Omwe adalandira kwambiri anali Turkey, Pakistan, Italy ndi Belarus.
"Mawu a mutu wa Rosselkhoznadzor ali ndi vuto lalikulu: ndi nthawi yotentha kwambiri ku Europe pakali pano, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta pakusamalira masamba akumaloko, makamaka ma greenhouses," akutero Nikita Maslennikov, katswiri wotsogola pantchito yolima. Center for Political Technologies. - Koma izi ndizovuta kwakanthawi, ndipo sindingatsutse kuti akugwetsa mozama komanso kosatha chuma cha greenhouse cha EU. Azungu adzachitadi zimenezo. Mwachilengedwe, m'nyengo yophukira-yozizira, kusunga nyumba zobiriwira kumakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri. Makamaka ndi mitengo ya gasi yomwe ikuyembekezeka kufika $4,000 pa ma kiyubiki mita chikwi chimodzi. ”
Koma kodi Russia palokha imatha kuchulukitsa kwambiri zogulitsa zamasamba, ngakhale kumadera ena? Patapita kanthawi, mwinamwake, koma pakali pano, nkomwe. Makampaniwa amadalirabe mbewu zotumizidwa kunja, zida, matekinoloje ndi zida zomwe zimakhala zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, ma greenhouses amafunikira zokutira zapadera zomwe zimatumiza cheza cha ultraviolet. Funso linanso - komwe mungagulitse? Masamba ndi chinthu chofewa, chowonongeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kupanga njira zomwe zingabweretse msanga ogula. Ikhoza kusungidwa m'matumba kwa sabata limodzi ndi theka. Chifukwa chake, Maslennikov akutsutsa, gulu la omwe angalandire likupita ku Turkey, Kazakhstan, gawo lina la Kyrgyzstan ndi Belarus. Tajikistan, yomwe ili ndi zokolola zambiri za tomato wamba pachaka, sichifuna tomato wathu wowonjezera kutentha pachabe.
Anatoly Tikhonov, Mtsogoleri wa Center for Agribusiness and Food Security ku RANEPA Graduate School of Corporate Governance, akuwona zinthu mosiyana. Tsopano, malinga ndi iye, firiji idzalamula mikhalidwe yake ku Ulaya. Zogulitsa zaulimi zikukhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha chilala, moto ndi zotsatira za zilango zachuma motsutsana ndi Russian Federation. Zamasamba zotseguka zikufa. Ku Italy, kuchepa kwa zokolola zosiyanasiyana zaulimi kumafika 45%, kutayika kwakukulu kumayembekezeredwa kwa mpendadzuwa, azitona, mbatata, mavwende ku EU. Pazifukwa izi, pali mwayi waukulu kuti anthu a ku Ulaya adzapempha Russia kuti apereke gawo lina la zokolola. Andale atha kunyalanyaza izi, ndipo mabizinesi adzalambalala zilango ndikugula chakudya kuti adyetse anthu ndikuchepetsa mikangano pakati pa kukwera kwa mitengo yazakudya.
"Chaka chatha tidalandira masamba opitilira 1.4 miliyoni, timadzipatsa tokha nkhaka, pafupifupi 80% - tomato. Pali malo obiriwira obiriwira 400 mdziko muno, ena 50 akumangidwa, "akutero Tikhonov. - Ndipo tili ndi zowonjezera zogulitsa kunja. Wowonjezera kutentha amagwira ntchito padzuwa kapena pakuwunikira kowonjezera ndi kutentha. Ku Ulaya, mitengo yamagetsi ndiyokwera kwambiri, feteleza wa mchere wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo obiriwira akwera kakhumi, ndipo mphamvu zogulira anthu zikuchepa. Potengera izi, zinthu zaku Russia zikhala zopikisana kwambiri ndipo zitha kusintha kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zikugwa ku Europe. ”
Russia ili ndi zinthu zonse (kuchokera ku nthaka ndi feteleza kupita ku minda yachidwi) kuti ikhutitse msika wa ku Ulaya ndi ndiwo zamasamba, akutero Mikhail Oganezov, katswiri wa Dipatimenti ya Strategic Research pa Total Research. M'malingaliro ake, chinthu cha zilango sichikhala ndi gawo lapadera, chifukwa zakudya, kupatulapo kawirikawiri, zimachotsedwa pazoletsa. Chifukwa chake, zotengera zitha kuyamba mawa. Komabe, kuti muwonjezere zogulitsa kunja, ndikofunikira kuthetsa mavuto amtundu wapakhomo poyamba. Monga momwe Oganezov amanenera, tomato ndi nkhaka zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zimabweretsedwa ku Russia, pamene payenera kukhala katundu wa katundu wawo - ndi maganizo oyenera komanso ndalama. Koma kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa dzikoli, masambawa ndi okwera mtengo 3-4 kuposa ku Moscow, St. Petersburg ndi megacities ena.
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